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Structure and Function Test 1 > Abdomen Lecture Notes Pt. 4 > Flashcards

Abdomen Lecture Notes Pt. 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Runs in the transverse cervical ligament and passes OVER the ureter

A

Uterine artery

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2
Q

The uterine artery spirals around the side of the uterus so that it can supply the uterus when the uterus is

A

Stretched during pregnancy

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3
Q

Ectopic implantation typically occurs in the

A

Ampulla

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4
Q

Passes under the ureters

A

Vaginal artery

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5
Q

Crosses over the ureter at the pelvic brim

A

Ovarian artery

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6
Q

The suspensitory ligament is also known as the

A

Infundibulopelvic (IP) ligament

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7
Q

Appendicular pain may be seen close to

A

Ovarian pain

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8
Q

Results when the pericervical ring is weakened

A

Uterine prolapse

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9
Q

Surgical removal of uterus

A

Hysterectomy

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10
Q

What are the three types of hysterectomy?

A
  1. ) Partial (only uterus)
  2. ) Total (uterus and cervix)
  3. ) Radical (uterus, cervix, and vagina)
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11
Q

Typically a radical hysterectomy is only seen in

A

Cancer

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12
Q

The rectosigmoid junction is located at

A

S3

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13
Q

Has smoother mucosa than the rest of the colon, with no tenia coli, haustra, or omental appendices

A

Rectum

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14
Q

The upper 1/3 of the rectum is covered by

-NO mesentary

A

Peritoneum

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15
Q

What are the three arteries supplying the rectum?

A
  1. ) Superior rectal (Portal)
  2. ) Middle rectal (Caval)
  3. ) Inferior rectal (Caval)
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16
Q

Rectal innervation is from the

-another name for inferior hypogastric

A

Rectal plexus

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17
Q

Creates an angle where the rectum projects anteriorly and the anal canal projects posteriorly

-prevents fecal incontinence

A

Puborectal sling

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18
Q

The Vas (ductus) deferens and seminal vesicles are derived from the

A

Mesonephric ducts

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19
Q

The internal urethral sphincter is located in the

A

Prostatic urethra

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20
Q

Provide most of the semen and contian fructose

A

Seminal vesicles

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21
Q

Receives blood from erectile tissue

A

Prostatic venous plexus

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22
Q

The prostate receives PARASYMPATHETIC innervation from

A

Pelvic splanchnics (secremotor function)

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23
Q

The prostate receives SYMPATHETIC innervation that functions to

A

Contract smooth muscles during ejaculation

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24
Q

Located around the prostatic urethra and makes up 5% of the prostate volume

  • Site of BPH
  • 10% of prostatic cancers here
A

Transitional zone

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25
Q

Located around the ejaculatory ducts and urethra and makes up 25% of prostatic volume

-where 5% of prostatic cancers occur

A

Central zone

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26
Q

Makes up 70% of prostatic volume and is where 80% of prostatic cancers occue

A

Peripheral zone

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27
Q

Caused by an increase in the number of cells in the transitional zone

A

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

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28
Q

BPH compresses the urethra and presents with

A

Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS)

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29
Q

Irritation of the prostatic urethra seen in BPH makes you feel like you constantly have to

A

Urinate

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30
Q

Prostate cancer is an

A

Adenocarcinoma

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31
Q

Protate cancer shows symptoms similar to BPH and can be detected with which two tests?

A
  1. ) DRE (firm prostate = positive test)

2. ) Prostate specific androgen (looking for large increase above 4ng/mL)

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32
Q

Prostate cancer metastasizes to

A

Bone, Liver, and Lungs

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33
Q

What are the three entry points for a prostatectomy?

A
  1. ) Retropubic
  2. ) Transurethral
  3. ) Suprapubic
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34
Q

When removing the prostate, you must be careful not to damage the nerves responsible for

A

Erections

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35
Q

The puborectalis changes the direction of the

A

Rectum

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36
Q

Unlike the rest of the colon, which has teniae coli, the rectum has

A

External Longitudinal Muscle

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37
Q

Folds of rectal mucosa formed by underlyin blood vessels

-where we see internal hemorrhoids

A

Anal columns

38
Q

The base of the anal columns is the

A

Pectinate/dentate line

39
Q

If we cut ourselves above the pectinate line, would we feel it?

A

No, only ischemia and distension

40
Q

Gap between the UG diaphragm and pelvic diaphragm that is used for surgical repair of pelvic organ prolapse

A

Anterior Recess

41
Q

Subflooring of pelvic viscera

-Where UG structures pass through pelvic floor

A

Urogenital diaphragm

42
Q

The levator ani is incomplete anteriorly which gives us the

-right behind pubic symphysis

A

Urogenital hiatus

43
Q

Fills in the urogenital hiatus by stretching from one ischiopubic ramus to another

A

Urogenital diaphragm

44
Q

The urogenital diaphragm contains the

A

Deep Perineal Pouch

45
Q

Base of support for the external genitalia

A

Urogenital Diaphragm

46
Q

In males, the membranous urethra is in the

A

Deep perineal pouch

47
Q

In males the spongy urethra is in the

A

Superficial perineal pouch

48
Q

In females, there are no glands in the

A

Deep perineal pouch

49
Q

Attached to the UG diaphragm in the superficial perineal pouch

A

Erectile bodies

50
Q

Erectile tissue that attaches to the UG membrane and ischiopubic ramus

-Merge together to form corpus cavernosa

A

Right and Left Crura of the Penis

51
Q

Portion of erectile tissue that receives the urethra

A

Bulb of penis

52
Q

Inside the bulb of the penis is the

A

Corpus spongeosum

53
Q

Sandwiched between ddep peile fascia and tunica albuginea of corpus cavernosum

A

Deep dorsal vein of the penis

54
Q

Only attaches attached portions of erectile bodies

A

Skeletal muscle

55
Q

Functions during ejaculation to squeeze on the bulb of the penis and make sure all sperm passes through the urethra

A

Bulbospongeous

56
Q

Also empties the urethra after urination

A

Bulbospongeous

57
Q

Can happen as the result of a straddle injury

A

Urethral tear

58
Q

If we tear the spongy urethra from the membranous urethra, urine and blood will fill up the space between the

A

Deep penile fascia and superficial perineal fascia

59
Q

If we tear the membranous urethra from the prostatic urethra, all of the bleeding will be

A

ABOVE the pelvic floor in the subperitoneal space

60
Q

The body of the clitoris is the

A

Corpus cavernosa

61
Q

Commonly infected and can result in a cyst called a Bartolon’s cyst

-covered in skin so cyst is painful

A

Greater Vestibular (Bartolon’s) Gland

62
Q

Attachment for bulbospongious, superficial and deep perineal, external anal sphincter, and pelvic diaphragm muscles

A

Perineal body (Central Tendon)

63
Q

The perineal body (central tendon) is pyramidal in shape, where the apex projects up and attaches to the

A

Rectovaginal fascia

64
Q

If you ask a patient to bear down, it should be firm. But if it is soft than there is a tear. This describes the

A

Perineal body

65
Q

The blood supply for the perineum is primarily via the

A

Internal pudendal artery

66
Q

Once in the superficial pouch, the internal pudendal artery sends branches to the

A

Erectile tissues

67
Q

Gives off dorsal artery of the penis/clitoris

A

Internal pudendal artery

68
Q

Somatic innervation of the perineum is via the

A

Pudendal nerve

69
Q

Foreign bodies that are aspirated are more likely to end up in the

A

Right bronchus

70
Q

Ridge at the tracheal bifurcation

A

Carina

71
Q

Congenital deformation where the esophagus ends blindly and the stomach is attached to the trachea so it’s filled with air

-Results in polyhydramnios

A

Tracheoesophageal fistula

72
Q

The horizontal fissure is located at the

A

4th Rib

73
Q

The oblique fissure is located at the

A

6th rib

74
Q

Between the ribs and diaphragm and is 2 intercostal spaces deep during quiet breathing

A

Costodiaphragmatic recess

75
Q

Procedure performed at the midaxillary line to remove fluid from the pleural cavity

A

Thoracentesis

76
Q

The head of the 7th rib articulates with the vertebral body of the

A

6th and 7th vertebrae

77
Q

The tubercle of the 7th rib articulates with the

A

Transverse process of the 7th Vertebra

78
Q

The negative intrapleural pressure is between the

A

Visceral and parietal pleura

79
Q

Increases both superior-inferior and lateral dimensions of the thoracic cavity

A

Diaphragm

80
Q

If we lose the right phrenic nerve, when the left side of the diaphragm moves down, what happens to the right side?

A

Moves up (paradoxical movement of the diaphragm)

81
Q

Affects venous return to the heart via the great veins

A

Changes in intrathoracic pressure during ventilation

82
Q

Increases intrathoracic pressure which decreases blood drainage from the head

A

Forced exhalations

83
Q

The input for the cough reflex comes from the

A

Vagus nerve

84
Q

Atmospheric pressure on the injured side will compress or increase pressure on the mediastinum, which will compress the healthy lung during inspiration. This describes an

A

Open pneumothorax

85
Q

More dangerous because it results in positive intrapleural pressure

-Trachea deviates and patient can’t breathe

A

Tension pneumothorax

86
Q

Blood in the pleural cavity (hemothorax) does not clot because of the

A

Smooth surfaces of pleural walls

87
Q

Pairs with the right border of the sternum

-surrounds the heart

A

Coronary sulcus

88
Q

Where the heart is on an xray

A

Mediastinal shadow

89
Q

The heart is tilted towards the chest wall such that the part closes to the chest wall is the

A

Inferior part

90
Q

Prevent a hole in the center of the semilunar valves where the three cusps meet

A

Semilunar nodules

91
Q

Where would we hear a tricuspid regurgitation?

A

Right 5th intercostal space at sternal border

Structure and Function Test 1 (61 decks)

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