Pterygopalatine fossa, Nasal Cavity, and Paranasal sinuses

Question 1

The nose and bilateral nasal cavities are comprised of

Answer 1

Cartilage and bone

Question 2

Divides the nasal cavities and forms their medial wall

-also consists of bone and cartilage

Answer 2

Midline nasal septum

Question 3

The LATERAL walls of the nasal cavities typically contain three shell-like bones called

Answer 3

Concha or turbinates (Superior, middle, and inferior)

Question 4

Increase the surface area of each nasal cavity

Answer 4

Superior, middle, and inferior concha

Question 5

Inferior to each concha is a meatus that baffles air and receives drainage from one or more

Answer 5

Paranasal sinuses

Question 6

The nose and nasal cavity function as a

Answer 6

Respiratory and olfactory organ

Question 7

External air enters the nose through the

Answer 7

Nares

Question 8

External air enters the nose through the nares and passes into the nasal cavities where it is

Answer 8

Warmed, filtered, and humidified

Question 9

External air enters the nose through the nares where it is warmed, filtered, and humidified before it passes to the

Answer 9

Choanae to enter nasopharynx

Question 10

Scent molecules are detected by olfactory nerves underlying the

Answer 10

Olfactory mucosa

Question 11

Superiorly, the nasal cavities communicate with the

Answer 11

Anterior cranial fossa

Question 12

Superiorly, the nasal cavities communicate with the anterior cranial fossa via the

Answer 12

Cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone

Question 13

Inferiorly the nasal cavities communicate with the

Answer 13

Oral cavity

Question 14

Inferiorly, the nasal cavities communicate with the oral cavity via the

Answer 14

Incisive foramen

Question 15

What is transmitted between the nasal cavities and the anterior cranial fossa via the cribiform plate?

Answer 15

Olfactory nerves

Question 16

The nasal cavities communicate superiolaterally with the

Answer 16

Orbit

Question 17

The nasal cavities communicate superiolaterally with the orbit via the

Answer 17

Ethmoid bone

Question 18

The nasal cavities communicate superiolaterally with the orbit via the ethmoid bone to transmit the

Answer 18

Ethmoidal branches of the nasocilliary nerve and opthalmic artery

Question 19

The nasal cavities also communicate with the orbit via the

Answer 19

Bony nasolacrimal canal

Question 20

The nasal cavities also communicate with the orbit via the bony nasolacrimal canal to transmit the

Answer 20

Nasolacrimal duct

Question 21

The nasal cavities communicate with the oral cavity via the incisive foramen to transmit the

Answer 21

Nasopalatine nerve and accompanying blood vessels

Question 22

The nasal cavities communicate with the pterygopalatine fossa via the

Answer 22

Shenopalatine foramen

Question 23

The nasal cavities communicate with the pterygopalatine fossa via the sphenopalatine foramen to transmit the

Answer 23

Sphenopalatine artery, palatine nerves, and lateral and septal nerve branches

Question 24

The mucosa overlying the olfactory area of the nasal cavity is innervated by

Answer 24

Olfactory nerve (CN I)

Question 25

The SOMATIC SENSORY innervation of the RESPIRATORY mucosa is from branches of the

Answer 25

Opthalmic and maxillary divisions of Trigeminal nerve (V1 and V2)

Question 26

Production of nasal mucous is stimulated by

Answer 26

Parasympathetic innervation of mucous glands

Question 27

Describe the innervation of the mucous glands that produce nasal mucous?

Answer 27

Greater petrosal nerve (VII) to Pterygopalatine ganglion then to glands via branches of maxillary nerve (V2)

Question 28

The anterior portion of the nasal cavity receives its blood supply via branches from the

Answer 28

Facial and opthalmic arteries

Question 29

The posterior portion of the nasal cavity is primarily supplied via branches of the

Answer 29

Sphenopalatine artery (branch of 3rd part of maxillary artery)

Question 30

What are the four paired paranasal sinuses in the head

Answer 30

Frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal and maxillary

Question 31

Interconnected, air filled chambers lined with a mucous membrane

Answer 31

Frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, and maxillary paranasal sinuses

Question 32

Thought to lighten the head, facilitate growth of the face, and play a role in vocal resonance -function is not really known though

Answer 32

Paranasal sinuses

Question 33

Paranasal sinuses can easily become inflamed resulting in often painful

Answer 33

Sinusitis

Question 34

The mucous produced in these paranasal sinuses drains into the nasal cavities via openings in a

Answer 34

Meatus

Question 35

Once the mucous from the paranasal sinuses enters the nasal cavities through openings in a meatus, it then enters the

Answer 35

Nasopharynx, where it is ultimately swallowed

Question 36

For the FRONTAL sinus, what is the 1. ) Opening 2. ) Meatus or recess

Answer 36

1. ) Frontonasal duct | 2. ) Middle meatus

Question 37

For the ETHMOIDAL sinus, what is the 1. ) Opening 2. ) Meatus or recess

Answer 37

Anterior and middle air cells w/ middle meatus Posterior air cells w/ superior meatus

Question 38

For the SPHENOIDAL sinus, what is the 1. ) Opening 2. ) Meatus or recess

Answer 38

1. ) Sphenoidal osteum | 2. ) Sphenoethmoidal Recess

Question 39

For the MAXILLARY sinus what are the TWO 1. ) Openings 2. ) Meatus or recesses

Answer 39

1. ) a. Maxillary osteum w/ middle meatus b. Nasolacrimal duct w/ inferior meatus

Question 40

Considered the crossroads of the skull because it and its contents communicate with so many different regions of the skull

Answer 40

Pterygopalatine Fossa

Question 41

The bilateral pterygopalatine fossa are filled with

Answer 41

Parasympathetic ganglion and branches of maxillary nerve and artery

Question 42

You can locate the pterygopalatine fossa on a bony skull by placing a pipe cleaner through the

Answer 42

Pterygomaxillary fissue and sphenopalatine foramen

Question 43

When you do this, part of the pipe cleaner will be visible in

Answer 43

The infratemporal fossa and other part in nasal cavity

Question 44

When you look inferiorly at the skull, the portion of the pipe cleaner that you DON'T see is the

Answer 44

Pterygopalatine fossa

Question 45

What are the 4 main maxillary nerve branches in the pterygopalatine fossa?

Answer 45

Palatine, Nasopalatine, Posterior superior alveolar, and Infraorbital

Question 46

What types of nerve fibers are in the Palatine nerve?

Answer 46

Somatic sensory, postganglionic parasympathetic and sympathetic, and taste

Question 47

The palatine nerve innervates the

Answer 47

Palate, mucosa, and palatine taste

Question 48

What type of fibers are in the nasopalatine nerve?

Answer 48

Somatic sensory, postganglionic parasympathetic and sympathetic

Question 49

The nasopalatine nerve passes through the

Answer 49

Sphenopalatine foramen

Question 50

The nasopalatine nerve innervates the

Answer 50

Nasal cavity mucosa

Question 51

What types of fibers are in the posterior alveolar nerve?

Answer 51

Somatic sensory

Question 52

The posterior superior alveolar nerve passes through the

Answer 52

Pterygomaxillary fissure

Question 53

The posterior superior alveolar nerve innervates the

Answer 53

Maxillary teeth

Question 54

What type of fibers does the infraorbital nerve have?

Answer 54

Somatic sensory

Question 55

The infraorbital nerve passes through the

Answer 55

Inferior orbital fissure

Question 56

The infraorbital nerve innervates the

Answer 56

Face

Question 57

The palatine nerve passes through the

Answer 57

Palatine foramina

Question 58

The pterygopalatine ganglion consists of post ganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies whose axons innervate the

Answer 58

Lacrimal gland and mucous glands of the oral and nasal cavities

Question 59

These post ganglionic axons are distributed with branches of the

Answer 59

Maxillary nerve (oral and nasal cavities) and Opthalmic nerve (lacrimal gland)

Question 60

Preganglionic parasympathetic innervation of the pterygopalatine ganglion is from nerve fibers in the

Answer 60

Greater petrosal nerve (of VII)

Question 61

Somatic sensory fibers from the maxillary nerve enter the pterygopalatine fossa via -but they don't synapse

Answer 61

Pterygopalatine nerves

Question 62

Postganglionic sympathetic axons reach the pterygopalatine ganglion via the -Also do not synapse in the ganglion

Answer 62

Deep petrosal nerve

Question 63

Both the greater and deep petrosal nerves reach the pterygopalatine fossa by passing through the

Answer 63

Pterygoid canal

Question 64

While in the pterygoid canal, the greater and deep petrosal nerves collectively are referred to as the

Answer 64

Nerve of pterygoid canal or the Vidian nerve

Question 65

Preganglionic parasympathetic axons from the greater petrosal nerve synapse on cells in the

Answer 65

Pterygopalatine fossa

Question 66

Post ganglionic axons then pass from the pterygopalatine ganglion to the maxillary nerve via

Answer 66

Pterygopalatine nerves

Question 67

The maxillary nerve then gives off the zygomatic branch and the postganglionic fibers travel on it through the

Answer 67

Inferior orbital fissure to reach the orbit

Question 68

The zygomatic nerve carries the postganglionic fibers to a communicating brancgh in the lateral wall of the orbit which then unites with the

Answer 68

Lacrimal branch of opthalmic nerve

Question 69

The postganglionic fibers then travel on the lacrimal nerve to reach the

Answer 69

Lacrimal gland

Question 70

The maxillary artery enters the pterygopalatine fossa from the

Answer 70

Infratemporal fossa

Question 71

The maxillary artery enters the pterygopalatine fossa freom the infratemporal fossa via the

Answer 71

Pterygomaxillary fissure

Question 72

Within the pterygopalatine fossa, the maxillary artery branches into the

Answer 72

Descending palatine, sphenopalatine, posterior superior alveolar, and infraorbital arteries

Question 73

The descending palatine artery travels through the

Answer 73

Palatine foramina

Question 74

The descending palatine artery supplies the

Answer 74

Palate

Question 75

The sphenopalatine artery travels though the

Answer 75

Sphenopalatine foramen

Question 76

The sphenopalatine artery supplies the

Answer 76

Nsala cavity

Question 77

The posterior superior alveolar artery travels through the

Answer 77

Pterygomaxillary fissure

Question 78

The posterior superior alveolar artery supplies the

Answer 78

Maxillary teeth

Question 79

The Infraorbital artery passes through the

Answer 79

Inferior orbital fissure

Question 80

The infraorbital artery supplies the

Answer 80

Face