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Structure and Function Test 1 > Shoulder, Arm, and Elbow > Flashcards

Shoulder, Arm, and Elbow Flashcards

1
Q

The bones of the proximal-most region of the appendicular skeleton of the upper limb include the

A

Clavicle, scapula, and humerus

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2
Q

The only one of the upper limb bones which articulates directly with the axial skeleton

A

Clavicle

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3
Q

There are three major synovial joints of the shoulder region, and free movement at all three joints is required for the shoulder to have full range of motion. What are the three joints?

A
  1. ) Sternoclavicular joint (SC joint)
  2. ) Acromioclavicular joint (AC joint)
  3. ) Glenohumeral joint
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4
Q

Articulates medially with the manubrium of the sternum as the SC joint

A

Clavicle

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5
Q

Articulates laterally with the acromion proccess of the scapula at the AC joint

A

Clavicle

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6
Q

What are the two clavicular articulations?

A
  1. ) medially w/ manubrium of sternum (SC joint)

2. ) Laterally w/ acromion process of scapula (AC joint)

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7
Q

The “ball and socket” glenohumeral joint is formed by the articulation of the

A

Rounded head of humerus with shallow glenoid fossa of scapula

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8
Q

The sternoclavicular (SC) joint is supported by the

A

SC ligament, Costoclavicular ligament, Joint capsule, and Subclavius muscle

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9
Q

Ankylosis of the SC joint severely limits

A

Elevation of the arm

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10
Q

The sternoclavicular joint movements are elevation/depression of the arm during flexion/extension and abduction/adduction movements at the

A

Glenohumeral joint

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11
Q

The acromioclavicular joint is supported by the

A

Coracoclavicular ligament and the joint capsule

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12
Q

Dislocated by direct forces such as contact with the ground

-referred to as “shoulder separation”

A

AC joint

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13
Q

The movements at the AC joint are

A

Rotation assisting movements of the shoulder

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14
Q

The glenohumeral joint is supported bytthe musculotendinous rotator cuff and the

A

Glenohumeral ligaments and Glenoid labrum joint capsule

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15
Q

At the glenohumeral joint, range of motion limited by pain is caused by

A

Bursitis or rotator cuff teninitis

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16
Q

At the Glenohumeral joint, range of motion limited by dislocation is caused by

A

Excessive abduction, extendion, and lateral rotation movements

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17
Q

The movements at the glenohumeral joint are

A

Abduction/adduction, flexion/extension, medial/lateral rotation, and circumduction

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18
Q

The joints at the pectoral region generally move at the ame time and are coordinated with movements of the

A

Scapula

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19
Q

This coordinated movement is referred to as

A

Scapulohumeral rythm

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20
Q

During elevation of the arm, the scapulohumeral movement occurs in a

A

2:1 ratio of glenohumeral:scapula, SC, and AC joints

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21
Q

The muscles of the shoulder serve to stabilize the shoulder and act as the prime movers of the scapula and humerus at the

A

Glenohumeral joint

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22
Q

The primary support for the glenohumeral joint

A

Rotator cuff muscles

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23
Q

What are the muscles of the rotator cuff?

A

“SITS”

Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, and Subscapularis

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24
Q

Provides superior support of the glenohumeral joint

A

Supraspinatus

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25
Provides posterior support of the glenohumeral joint
Infraspinatus and Teres Mino
26
Provides anterior support of the glenohumeral joint
Subscapularis
27
What are the prime movers responsible for PROTRACTION of the scapula?
Serratus anterior and pectoralis minor
28
What are the prime movers responsible for RETRACTION of the scapula?
Rhomboids and middle trapezius fibers
29
What are the prime movers responsible for ELEVATION of the scapula?
Levator scapulae, Rhomboids, and superior trapezius fibers
30
What are the prime movers responsible for DEPRESSION of the scapula?
Pectoralis minor and inferior trapezius fibers
31
What are the prime movers responsible for UPWARD ROTATION of the scapula?
Serratus anterior and the superior and inferior trapezius fibers
32
What are the prime movers responsible for DOWNWARD ROTATION of the scapula?
Levator scapulae and rhomboids
33
What are the prime movers responsible for FLEXION of the humerus?
Pectoralis major, anterior deltoid fibers, arm muscles, biceps brachii, and coracobrachialis
34
What are the prime movers responsible for EXTENSION of the humerus?
Posterior deltoid fibers, Latissimus Dorsi, Teres major, and the long head of the triceps brachii
35
What are the prime movers responsible for ABDUCTION of the humerus?
Deltoid and supraspinatus
36
What are the prime movers responsible for ADDUCTION of the humerus?
Pectoralis major, Latissimus dorsi, deltoid, and Teres major
37
What are the prime movers responsible for MEDIAL ROTATION of the humerus?
Pectoralis major, Latissimus Dorsi, Deltoid, Teres major, Anterior deltoid fibers, and Subscapularis
38
What are the prime movers responsible for LATERAL ROTATION of the humerus?
Posterior deltoid fibers, infraspinatus, and teres minor
39
Supply the shoulder with blood and anastomose with each other providing collateral circulation to the upper limb
Branches form axillary artery and subclavian artery
40
The primary collateral roots are
Suprascapular and dorsal scapular (subclavius) to circumflex scapular (sxillary)
41
The only bone of the arm, and it articulates proximally with the glenohumeral joint and distally with the bones of the forearm at the elbow joint
Humerus
42
Fractures of the humerus typically occur proximally at the
Surgical neck, along the spiral groove, and distally at the medial superconylar ridge
43
Fracture at the surgical neck can result in
Axillary nerve trauma
44
Fracture along the spiral groove can result in
Radial nerve trauma
45
Fracture distally at the medial supracondylar ridge can result in
Medial nerve trauma
46
The distal humerus articulates with the proximal portions of the
Radius and Ulna
47
Which part of the humerus contacts the head of the radius?
Capitulum
48
Captured by the trochlear notch of the ulna
Trochlea of humerus
49
In addition, the radius and ulna articulate with each other at the
Radioulnar joints
50
What are the supporting structures of the elbow?
Radial and ulnar collateral ligaments and the annulr ligament
51
At the elbow, what dislocations occur for the 1. ) ulna 2. ) radius
1. ) Dislocates posteriorly | 2. ) Dislocates inferiorly
52
Pain and inflammation at the elbow due to overuse of forearm muscles
Epicondylitis
53
What movements occur at the elbow?
Flexion and extension
54
What are the supporting structures of the proximal radioulnar joint?
Radial and ulnar collateral ligaments and the annulr ligament
55
At the radioulnar joint, what dislocations occur for the 1. ) ulna 2. ) radius
1. ) Dislocates posteriorly | 2. ) Dislocates inferiorly
56
What movements occur at the radioulnar joint?
Pronation and supination
57
In general, the muscles of the arm occupy the anterior or posterior surfaces of the humerus and are separated, anterior from posterior, by -creates anterior and posterior arm compartments
Medial and lateral intermuscular septa
58
The muscles within a given compartment all have the same general function, are innervated by the same nerve and receive their blood supply via branches of the
Same artery
59
What is the function of the muscles of the anterior arm compartment?
Flexion at glenohumeral and elbow joints
60
Innervates the muscles of the anterior arm compartment
Musculocutaneous nerve
61
The muscles of the anterior arm compartment receive their blood supply from the
Brachial artery
62
The muscles of the posterior arm compartment function in
Extension at the glenohumeral and elbow joints
63
The muscles of the posterior arm compartment are innervated by the
Radial Nerve
64
The muscles of the posterior arm compartment receive their blood supply from the
Deep brachial artery
65
Which arm muscles function in FLEXION at the glenohumeral joint?
Biceps brachii and coracobrachialis
66
Which arm muscles function in EXTENSION at the glenohumeral joint
Triceps brachii- long head
67
Which arm muscles function in FLEXION at the elbow?
Biceps Brachii and Brachialis
68
Which arm muscles function in EXTENSION at the elbow?
Triceps brachii- Long, lateral, and medial heads
69
Which arm muscles function in SUPINATION at the elbow
Biceps Brachii
70
This depression on the anterior aspect of the elbow has a number of important neurovascular structures passing through it
Cubital fossa
71
In the superficial fascia, cubital veins form anastomotic connections between the -common site of venipuncture
Cephalic and Basilic veins
72
Deep to the superficial fascia, the cubital fossa is "roofed over" by the
Bicipital aponeurosis
73
Protects the deeper median nerve and brachial artery
Bicipital aponeurosis
74
Within the cubital fossa the brachial artery typically divides into its two terminal branches, the
Radial and Ulnar branches
75
Crosses through the cubital fossa
Radial nerve
76
Crosses posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus
Ulnar nerve
77
In a fracture of the middle third of the clavicle (most common), what would happen to the 1. ) Lateral portion 2. ) Medial portion
1. ) Would be pulled inferiorly | 2. ) Would be displaced superiorly
78
When the middle third of the clavicle is fractured, the pectoralis major will pull the proximal humerus medially. This may result in an overlap of the fractured clavicular ends. Which portion would be superior?
Medial portion
79
Shoulder separation occur at the
AC joint
80
Shoulder dislocations occur at the
Glenohumeral joint
81
Fluid filled sac that acts like a synovial membrane and lubricates and smooths the motion of highly active joints
Bursa sacs
82
Deepens the socket to hold the humeral head -where labral tears occur
Glenoid labrum
83
A torn rotator cuff is primarily a tear in the -patients won't be able to ABduct their arm the 15 degrees required to get the deltoids involved
Supraspinatus tendon
84
Supraspinatus tendon passes inferior to the
Acromion process
85
The glenohumeral joint is weakest -where it gets no rotator cuff support
Inferiorly
86
In a glenohumeral dislocation, the head of the humerus moves
Inferior and then anterior
87
The scapulohumeral rythm essentially says that for every three degrees of motion
2 degrees are from glenohumeral joint 1 degree is from scapular movement
88
In an X-ray, radial tells us what is
Lateral
89
In an X-ray, ulnar tells us what is
Medial
90
Common dislocation caused by parents swinging their kids by the arms
Radial dislocation
91
If the spiral groove is injured, which nerve is in danger?
Radial nerve

Structure and Function Test 1 (61 decks)

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