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Structure and Function Test 1 > Innervation of Abdominal Viscera: Regulation of G-I Function and Pain Perception > Flashcards

Innervation of Abdominal Viscera: Regulation of G-I Function and Pain Perception Flashcards

1
Q

For sympathetic innervation with the T5-9 (or 10) spinal cor segment, what is the

  1. ) Pre-ganglionic splanchnic nerve
  2. ) Prevertebral ganglion
A
  1. ) Greater splanchnic nerve

2. ) Celiac ganglion

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2
Q

For sympthetic innervation with the T10-11 spinal cord segment what is the

  1. ) Pre-ganglionic splanchnic nerve
  2. ) Prevertebral ganglion
A
  1. ) Lesser Splanchnic nerve

2. ) Superior mesenteric (or aorticorenal) ganglia

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3
Q

For sympathetic innervation with the T12 spinal cord segment, what is the

  1. ) Pre-ganglionic splanchnic nerve
  2. ) Prevertebral ganglion
A
  1. ) Least Splanchnic nerve

2. ) Aorticorenal (or cell bodies in renal plexus) ganglia

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4
Q

For sympathetic innervation with the L1-2 spinal cord segment, what is the

  1. ) Pre-ganglionic splanchnic nerve
  2. ) Prevertebral ganglion
A
  1. ) Lumbar Splanchnic nerve

2. ) Inferior mesenteric ganglia

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5
Q

What is the destination of the sympathetic innervation from

  1. ) T5-6
  2. ) T7-9
  3. ) T6-10
A
  1. ) Abdominal esophagus
  2. ) Liver and biliary tree
  3. ) Stomach, spleen, pancreas, and proximal duodenum
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6
Q

What is the destination of the sympathetic innervation from

  1. ) T9-T10
  2. ) T10
  3. ) T10-T11
A
  1. ) Distal duodenum, pancreas, jejunum, and ileum
  2. ) Appendix
  3. ) Proximal colon
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7
Q

What is the destination of the sympathetic innervation from

  1. ) T12
  2. ) L1-2
A
  1. ) Proximal colon

2. ) Distal colon

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8
Q

Pain and pressure afferents follow

-sensitive to distension

A

Sympathetic pathways

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9
Q

What is the function of sympathetic G-I innervation?

A

Decreases motility and secretion

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10
Q

Site of synapse in intestinal wall for foregut and midgut

A

Myenteric and submucous plexuses

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11
Q

Site of synapse in intestinal wall for hindgut

A

Enteric plexuses

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12
Q

What is the function of parasympathetic G-I innervation?

A

Increases motility and secretion

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13
Q

What are the two preganglionic nerves of parasympathetic G-I innervation?

A
  1. ) Vagus nerve trunks

2. ) S2-4 ventral rami

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14
Q

For the vagus nerve trunks, what is the autonomic plexus?

A

Celiac plexus and superior mesenteric plexus

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15
Q

For the S2-4 ventral rami, what is the autonomic plexus?

A

Inferior hypogastric plexus

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16
Q

What is the destination of innervation from the vagus nerve trunks?

A

Esophagus through proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

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17
Q

Synapse within alimentary tract from esophagus through proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

A

Intrinsic (enteric) Ganglia

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18
Q

What is the destination of innervation from the S2-4 ventral rami?

A

Distal 1/3 of transverse colon to rectum

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19
Q

Synapse within alimentary tract from distal 1/3 of transverse colon to rectum

A

Intrinsic (enteric) Ganglia

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20
Q

Reflex afferents follow

A

Parasympathetic pathways

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21
Q

The system of neurons and their supporting cells that is found within the walls of the alimentary tract

A

Enteric Nervous System

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22
Q

Neurons are within ganglia in

A

Intrinsic plexuses

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23
Q

The main plexuses which contain neurons in ganglia are the

A

Myenteric (Auerbach’s) and Submucosal (Meissner’s)

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24
Q

The myenteric (Auerbach’s) plexus is between the

A

Longituginal and circular muscles

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25
Q

The submucosal (Meissner’s) plexus is between the

A

Circular muscle and muscularis mucosae

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26
Q

Synapse with cells in the same or other ganglia

A

Intrinsic neurons

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27
Q

Intrinsic neurons project to effectors in the walls of the

A

Alimentary tract (e.g. muscle, mucosae)

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28
Q

Outside the walls of the alimentary tract, intrinsic neurons connect with

A

Autonomic ganglia

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29
Q

Intrinsic neurons send afferents to the

A

CNS

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30
Q

Intrinsic neurons innervate

A

Mesenteric arteries and arterioles of the colon

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31
Q

Governs the normal motility and secretory functions of the intestine

A

Enteric nervous system

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32
Q

The enteric nervous systems actions are affected and modified by the

A

Extrinsic nerve supply

33
Q

Retains many functions after all central connections are severed

A

Enteric nervous system

34
Q

Sympathetic and parasympathetic denervation have a transient effect on

A

Gut motility

35
Q

Intrinsic plexuses contain complete reflex pathways consisting of

A

Enteric neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons

36
Q

Monitor intestinal wall tension and intestinal contents

A

Enteric neurons

37
Q

Form information links between enteric neurons

A

Interneurons

38
Q

Change the activity of the intestine

A

Motor neurons

39
Q

Involves transfer of impulses from intrinsic sensory neurons via the interneurons to cephalad directed excitatory motor neurons and caudally directed inhibitory motor neuron

A

Peristaltic reflex

40
Q

An unpleasant sensation associated with actual or potential tissue damage, and mediated by specific nerve fibers to the brain where its conscious appreciation may be modified by various factors

A

Pain (symptom/subjective)

41
Q

Sensitive or painful as a result of pressure or contact that is not sufficient to cause discomfort in normal tissues

A

Tenderness (sign/objective)

42
Q

Dull and poorly localized pain resulting from noxious stimulus to abdominal viscus

A

Abdominal pain

43
Q

Perceived in the midline because sensory afferents come from both sides of spinal cord

A

Abdominal pain

44
Q

What type of abdominal pain is seen in the

  1. ) Foregut
  2. ) Midgut
  3. ) Hindgut
A
  1. ) Epigastric
  2. ) Unbilical
  3. ) Suprapubic
45
Q

Corresponds roughly to dermatomes which are innervated by the same spinal cord level from which
diseased organ receives its innervation

A

Site of abdominal pain

46
Q

Nerve impulses pass through the pre-vertebral splanchnic ganglia, reach the sympathetic chain in the splanchnic nerves, and enter the dorsal root via the

A

White ramus communicans

47
Q

Perceived as originating in areas supplied by the somatic nerves entering the spinal cord at the same segment as the sensory nerves from the organ producing the pain because of shared central pathways by afferent neurons from different sites

A

Referred pain

48
Q

usually fairly well localized

A

Referred pain

49
Q

Referred pain usually appears when the noxious visceral stimulus becomes

A

More intense

50
Q

Results from noxious stimulus to the parietal peritoneum

-Aggrevated by movement or coughing

A

Parietal pain

51
Q

What is more intense, parietal pain or visceral pain?

52
Q

In parietal pain, nerve impulses travel within

A

Somatic sensory nerves

53
Q

In parietal pain, nerve impulses travel within somatic sensory nerves and the fibers reach the spinal cord in the peripheral nerves corresponding to the

A

Cutaneous dermatomes from T6 to L1-3

54
Q

What is the following innervation for the biliary tree and gullbladder?

  1. ) Parasympathetic via
  2. ) Sympthetic and visceral sensory via
  3. ) Somatic afferent fibers via
A
  1. ) Vagus nerves
  2. ) Greater splanchnic nerves
  3. ) Phrenic nerve
55
Q

The physiological sphincter at the esophogastric junction is controlled by

A

Vagal innervation

56
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the stomach?

A

anterior and posterior vagal trunks –> celiac plexus –> intrinsice (enteric) ganglia

57
Q

What does parasympathetic innervation to the stomach do?

A

Increases motility and acid secretion

58
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation of the stomach?

A

T6-9 –> Greater splanchnic –> celiac ganglia –> celiac plexus

59
Q

What is the parasympathetic and reflex afferent innervation to the appendix?

A

Vagus nerve

60
Q

What is the sympathetic and visceral sensory innervation of the appendix?

A

T10 spinal cord segment

61
Q

Responsible for regulating peristalsis

A

Myenteric (Auerbach’s) Plexus

62
Q

For the parasympathetic system, what is the preganglionic cell body location?

A

Brainstem (vagus) and S2-S4 (pelvic splanchnic)

63
Q

For the parasympathetic system, what is the postganglionic cell body location?

A

Terminal ganglia

64
Q

For the sympathetic system, what is the preganglionic cell body location?

A

Lateral horn of T5-L2

65
Q

For the sympathetic system, what is the postganglionic cell body location?

A

Prevertebral ganglia

66
Q

Caused by mutation of the RET gene which causes failure of neural crest cell migration to enteric plexuses

A

Aganglionic megacolon (Hirschsprung’s Disease)

67
Q

In Hirschsprung’s the aganglionic (Myenteric Plexus) bowel segment becomes constricted and the proximal segment becomes

68
Q

What is the path of sympathetic innervation to the G-I system starting from the lateral horn of T5-L2?

A

Lateral horn, through the ventral root, into the ventral ramus, through the white rami communicans into the paravertebral canal, and through the splanchnic nerve into the prevertebral ganglion (synapse) and onto the organ

69
Q

What is the embryonic region for

  1. ) T5-T9
  2. ) T10-T11
  3. ) T12
  4. ) L1-L2
A
  1. ) Foregut
  2. ) Midgut
  3. ) Midgut
  4. ) Hindgut
70
Q

In the foregut sympathetic innervation, preganglionic fibers in the greater splanchnic nerves synapse on postganglionic neurons in the

A

Celiac ganglia

71
Q

In the midgut sympathetic innervation, preganglionic fibers in the lesser thoracic splanchnic nerves sinapse on postganglionic neurons in the

A

Superior mesenteric ganglia

72
Q

In the hindgut sympathetic innervation, preganglionic fibers in the lumbar splanchnic nerves synapse on postganglionic fibers in the

A

Inferior mesenteric ganglia

73
Q

The post ganglionic fibers are then distributed to the organ wall/enteric plexus on the branches of the

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

74
Q

What is the embryonic region for the parasympathetic nerves with cell bodies located in

  1. ) Brainstem
  2. ) S2-S4
A
  1. ) Foregut and midgut

2. ) Hindgut

75
Q

In the foregut parasympathetic innervation, preganglionic fibers in anterior and posterior vagal trunks synapse on postganglionic neurons in

A

Enteric ganglia

76
Q

In the midgut parasympathetic innervation, preganglionic fibers in vagal trunks pass through superior mesenteric ganglia and synapse on cell bodies in the

A

Enteric plexus

77
Q

In the hindgut parasympathetic innervation, preganglionic fibers in pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4) are distributed on

-synapse on cell bodies in enteric plexus

A

Arteries within mesentery of rectum and colon

78
Q

In the foregut, postganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers are distributed by traveling on the

A

Celiac trunk

79
Q

In the midgut, sympathetic (postganglionic) and parasympathetic (preganglionic) fibers are distributed by traveling on the

A

Superior mesenteric artery

Structure and Function Test 1 (61 decks)

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