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Structure and Function Test 1 > Histology Practical > Flashcards

Histology Practical Flashcards

1
Q

Formation of new cartilage from existing perichondrium

A

Appositional growth

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2
Q

Growth within the cartilage mass

-chondrocytes that are still capable of cell division form isogenous groups (cell nest)

A

Interstitial growth

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3
Q

Found in the nose, larynx, respiratory track, costal ribs, and articular cartilage of synovial joints

A

Hyaline cartilage

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4
Q

Appears more opaque and yellow than hyaline cartilage

A

Elastic Cartilage

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5
Q

Has larger and more abundant chondrocytes and less matrix than yaline cartilage

A

Elastic cartilage

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6
Q

Which types of cartilage have NO perichondrium?

A

Fibrocartilage and Articular Hyaline cartilage

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7
Q

Has cells in lacunae alligned in rows

A

Fibrocartilage

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8
Q

Unlike other cartilage types, fibrocartilage matrix is made up of a dense network of

A

Collagen I (acidophilic matrix)

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9
Q

Cartilage is nourished via

A

Diffusion

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10
Q

Bone is nourished via

A

Blood vessels

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11
Q

In an H and E stain, cartilage stains

A

Basophilic (blue)

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12
Q

In an H and E stain, bone stains

A

Eosinophilic (red)

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13
Q

What are the three connective tissue layers surrounding peripheral nerves?

A

Endoneurium, perineurium, epineurium

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14
Q

Surrounds a single axon and its Schwann cell covering

A

Endoneurium

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15
Q

What type of collagen does the endoneurium contain?

A

Type III

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16
Q

1-3 cell layers thick of dense CT which are contractile and contian actin

A

Perineurium

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17
Q

Surrounds individual axon bundles of fascicles to form a semipermeable barrier

A

Perineurium

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18
Q

Surrounds many axon bundles and fills the spaces between them

A

Epineurium

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19
Q

Consists of dense irregular CT and contains blood vessels that supply the nerves

A

Epineurium

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20
Q

In unmeylinated axons in the PNS, Schwann cells encase the axons but do not

A

Wrap around them to form a myelin sheeth

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21
Q

Cytoplasm of the Schwann cell can be seen around the

A

Individual unmyleinated axon in the PNS

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22
Q

Unmyelinated axons in the CNS are not surrounded by

A

Oligodendrocytes

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23
Q

The only way to tell the location of a myelinated axon is to look at the

A

Unmyelinated ones

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24
Q

What are some differences between PNS fibers and Smooth muscle?

A

PNA has uneven distribution of various types of nuclei and very wavy and frothy

-blood vessels usually not seen

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25
Q

A cluster of nerve cells located in the peripheral nervous system

A

Ganglia

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26
Q

Sensory neurons are classified as

A

Pseudounipolar

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27
Q

Have large spherical neurons and a centrally located nucleus

A

Sensory ganglia

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28
Q

Have nucleus at one side of the neuron, few satellite cells at periphery of neurons and few nerve fibers around the nucleus

A

Autonomic (sypathetic) Ganglion

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29
Q

Have many satellite cells surrounding the cell body

A

Sensory ganglia

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30
Q

Increases surface area of dendrite

A

Dendrite spine

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31
Q

Striated with peripheral nuclei and surrounded by a basal lamina and satellite cells

A

Skeletal muscle

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32
Q

The orderly arrangement of actin and myosin in a sarcomere are responsible for the

A

Banding pattern observed under EM and LM

33
Q

Visible ONLY at the EM level

A

Myofilaments

34
Q

Made up of many myofilaments and surrounded by a sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Myofibril

35
Q

The cross section of the myofibril is visible at the LM level and it appears as

A

Dots

36
Q

The longitudinal section of a myofilament is visible only at the

A

EM level

37
Q

Made up of many myofibrils and surrounded by an endomysium

A

Myofiber

38
Q

Made up of many myofibers and surrounded by a perimysium

A

Fascicle

39
Q

Made up of many fascicles and surrounded by epimysium

A

Muscle

40
Q

Surrounds each myofibers

A

Endomysium

41
Q

Surrounds each fascicle

A

Perimysium

42
Q

Surrounds many fascicles

A

Epimysium

43
Q

Myofibrils are made up of many myofilaments and surrounded by the

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

44
Q

Made up of actin (thin filaments) and myosin (thick filaments) arranged in an orderly manner

A

Myofilaments

45
Q

A sarcomere, the contractile unit of muscle, extends from

A

Z-disc to Z-disc

46
Q

Does not change shape during contractin

A

A band

47
Q

Extends from the Z line to the M line and is closely associated with myosin

A

Titin

48
Q

Generates passive tension through elastic tension when the sarcomere is stretched

A

Titin

49
Q

Titin prevents

A

Overstretching

50
Q

Extends from the Z band along the length of the actin filament

A

Nebulin

51
Q

Acts as a template for the regulation of filament length

A

Nebulin

52
Q

Intermediate filament which encircles the Z disk of each sarcomere and extends from one myofibril to the other and is anchored to the sarcolemma

A

Desmin

53
Q

Facilitates the coordinated contraction of individual myofibrils by holding adjacent myofibrils together forming a supportive latticework and linking them to the sarcolemma

A

Desmin

54
Q

Surrounded by a cell membrane (sarcolemma) and has peripheral nuclei

A

Muscle cell

55
Q

Each muscle cell is surrounded by a thin layer of CT called the

A

Epimysium

56
Q

Thicker in skeletal muscle than in peripheral nerves

A

Perineurium at myotendon junction

57
Q

Located at every A-I junction

A

T-tubule

58
Q

Provides rapid transmission of the surface membrane excitation

A

T-tubule

59
Q

SER expansions that release and store Ca2+ via a voltage sensitive Ca2+ channel

A

Terminal Cisterna

60
Q

The T-tubule and 2 terminal cisterna

A

Triad

61
Q

In a myoneural junction, each nerve branch innervates a single

A

Muscle fiber

62
Q

Striated, short, branched fibers with 1 or 2 centrally located nuclei

A

Cardiac Muscle

63
Q

CT between cells of cardiac muscle is greater than in

-not as organized as skeletal muscle

A

Skeletal muscle

64
Q

Cardiac muscle cells have T-tubules at

-EXCEPT when there is an intercalated disc

A

Z-lines

65
Q

Intercalated discs are specific cell to cell boundaries in cardiac muscle and contain

A
  1. ) Fasciae adherentes (transverse component)
  2. ) Desmosomes (Lateral component)
  3. ) Gap Junctions (Lateral component)
66
Q

In a cross section, cardiac muscle cells will exhibit a

A

Variety of shapes

67
Q

Fascia adherens (transverse component) is made up of

A

Actin filaments

68
Q

Spot desmosomes are made up of

A

Intermediate filaments

69
Q

Modified myofibers found in clusters beneath the endocardium lining the two sides of the interventricular septum

A

Purkinje fibers

70
Q

Large cells with pale cytoplasm due to glycogen content

-contain intercalated discs

A

Purkinje fibers

71
Q

Function to conduct impulses to the ventricular myocytes

A

Purkinje fibers

72
Q

Spindle shaped tapering cell with one centrally located nuclei and indistinguishable borders

A

Smooth muscle

73
Q

Located at the ends of nucleus in smoothmuscle

A

Perinuclear organelles

74
Q

Smooth muscles control involuntarily controlled contractions as sheets or bundles or cells due to

A

Gap Junctions

75
Q

Invaginations of the plasma membrane in smooth mucle are called

A

Caveolae

76
Q

Smooth muscle has no T-tubules and an underdeveloped SR. It contains cytoplasmic dense bodies that act as

A

Z discs (myofilament attachment sites)

77
Q

Smooth muscle cells are surrounded by basallamina except at

A

Gap junctions

78
Q

Found in sheets with very little CT between cells

A

Smooth muscle

79
Q

Nerve bundle between 2 muscle layers

A

Myenteric Plexus

Structure and Function Test 1 (61 decks)

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