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Structure and Function Test 1 > Compartments of the Neck > Flashcards

Compartments of the Neck Flashcards

1
Q

The neck is divided up into two major triangles (anterior and posterior), which are separated by the

A

Sternocleidomastoid muscle

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2
Q

Each triangle contains skeletal elements, muscles, and neurovascular structures. In addition, the anterior triangles contain

A

Visceral structures (Esophagus and endocrine glands)

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3
Q

The bones of the neck include the

A

7 Cervical Vertebra and the hyoid bone

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4
Q

Have features common to most vertebra and are characterized by the presence of foramina within their transverse processes for transmittance of the vertebral artery and veins

A

C3-C6

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5
Q

Whatis unique about the C7 vertebra?

A

It has a long spinous process

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6
Q

Has superiorly placed facets for articulation with the base of the skull, no vertebral body, and no spinous process

A

C1 (Atlas)

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7
Q

Has the odontoid process (Dens) fused to its vertebral body

A

C2 (axis)

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8
Q

Located in the anterior part of theneck at the level of the C3 vertebra in the angle between the mandible and thyroid cartilage

A

Hyoid Bone

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9
Q

Does the hyoid bone articulate with any other bones?

A

No

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10
Q

Suspended by muscles that connect it to the skull, thyroid cartilage, sternum, and scapula

A

Hyoid Bone

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11
Q

The hyoid bone is attached to the thyroid cartilage via the

A

Thyrohyoid membrane

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12
Q

The hyoid bone plays a role in

A

Swallowing and phonation

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13
Q

The cartilages of the neck include

-Form the skeleton of the larynx and airway

A

Thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, and tracheal

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14
Q

Part of thyroid cartilage that is palpable in the midline of the neck

A

Laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple)

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15
Q

What is attached to the hyoid bone:

  1. ) Superiorly
  2. ) Inferiorly
A
  1. ) Thyroid cartilage

2. ) Cricoid cartilage

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16
Q

The thyroid cartilage and Cricooid cartilage are attached to the hyoid bone via the

A

Thyohyoid membrane and circohyoid membrane respectively

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17
Q

The superior border of the Thyroid cartilage corresponds to the

A

C4 vertebra

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18
Q

The cricoid cartilage is signet shaped with the band facing anteriorly. It is attached:

  1. ) Superiorly to the
  2. ) Inferiorly to the
A
  1. ) Thyroid cartilage

2. ) First tracheal ring

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19
Q

The cricoid cartilage corresponds with the

A

C6 vertebra

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20
Q

What are the two most significant joints in the neck?

A

Atlantooccipital and Atlantoaxial joints

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21
Q

The articulation between the occipital condyles and the superior articular facets of the atlas

A

Atlantooccipital joint

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22
Q

The atlantooccipital joint is supported anteriorly by the

-superior continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament

A

Tectorial Membrane

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23
Q

The atlantooccipital joint is supported posteriorly by the

A

Atlantooccipital membrane

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24
Q

Nodding of the head occurs at the

A

Atlantooccipital joint

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25
Q

The articulation between C1 and C2

A

Atlantoaxial joint

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26
Q

The atlantoaxial joint includes two zygopophyseal joints and the articulation between the

A

Dens of C2 and the anterior arch of C1

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27
Q

The articulation involving the dense is a pivot typed synovial joint also called the “no joint” because it is used to

A

Turn the head from side to side

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28
Q

Important ligaments of the atlantoaxial joint (no joint) include the

-Help resist dislocation of the dens , which could injur the spinal cord

A

Transverse ligament of the atlas and alar ligaments

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29
Q

Muscles of the neck can be organized into which three groups?

A
  1. ) Superficial
  2. ) Deep
  3. ) Hyoid
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30
Q

What are the three superficial neck muscles?

A

Platysma, Trapezius, and Sternocleidomastoid

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31
Q

The DEEP neck muscles can be organized into which three groups?

A
  1. ) Anterior
  2. ) Posterior
  3. ) Lateral
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32
Q

What are the two ANTERIOR muscles of the DEEP group?

A
  1. ) Longus capitus

2. ) Longus Coli

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33
Q

What are the two POSTERIOR muscles of the DEEP group?

A
  1. ) Semiuspinalis

2. ) Splenius etc

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34
Q

What are the muscles of the LATERAL group of the DEEP neck muscles?

A

1.) Anterior, middle, and posterior scalenese, and Levator Scapulae (LS)

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35
Q

The hydoid muscles can be organized into which two groups?

A
  1. ) Suprahyoid

2. ) Infrahyoid

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36
Q

Used in swalloing and phonation and assist in tongue movements

A

Hyoid muscles

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37
Q

Elevate the hyoid bone and voice box, helping to shorten the pharynx and close off the larynx during early stages of swallowing

A

Suprahyoid muscles

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38
Q

During phonation, elevation of the hyoid and voice box by suprahyoid muscles assists in the production of

A

High notes

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39
Q

Depress the hyoid bone and voice box, assisting in the production of low notes during phonations

A

Infrahyoid muscles

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40
Q

Helps steady the hyoid bone and provides a stable platform for the tongue to move upon

A

Simultaneous contraction of the hyoid

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41
Q

What are the 5 suprahyoid muscles?

A
  1. ) Stylohyoid
  2. ) Anterior belly of digastric
  3. ) Posterior belly of digastric
  4. ) Mylohyoid
  5. ) Geniohyoid
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42
Q

What are the 4 infrahyoid muscles?

A
  1. ) Omohyoid
  2. ) Sternohyoid
  3. ) Sternothyroid
  4. ) Thyrohyoid
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43
Q

The cervical fascia consists of both superficial and deep layers. However, the more clinically relevant layer is the

A

Deep layer

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44
Q

Provides natural cleavage planes for surgery, facilitates movement of visceral structures, and can contain and facilitate the spread of infectious pus

A

Deep cervical Fascia

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45
Q

The deep Cervical Fascia is organized into which three layers?

A

Investing, prevertebral, and pretracheal

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46
Q

Surrounds the entire neck and encloses both the prevertebral and pretracheal layers

A

Investing layer

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47
Q

Surrounds the trachea and thyroid gland, and continues posteriorly as the buccupharyngeal fascia covering the pharynx and esophagus

A

Pretracheal layer

48
Q

Extension of pretrachial layer of deep cervical fascia that covers the pharynx and esophagus

A

Buccopharyngeal fascia

49
Q

Thus, the pretracheal fascia creates a

A

Visceral compartment

50
Q

Surrounds the deep neck muscles and the vertebral column

A

Prevertebral fascia

51
Q

The investing layer attaches

  1. ) Superiorly to the
  2. ) Inferiorly to the
  3. ) Posteriorly to the
A
  1. ) Skull
  2. ) Sternum, clavicle, and scapula
  3. ) Spinous processes
52
Q

Splits to enclose the trapezius muscle

A

Investing layer

53
Q

The investing layer forms the fascial roof of the

A

Posterior triangle

54
Q

Splits to enclose the omohyoid, sternocleidomastoid, and infrahyoid muscles

A

Investing layer

55
Q

Pierce the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia

A

External jugular vein and cervical nerve

56
Q

Covers the trachea, thyroid gland, and thyroid and circoid cartilages

A

Prethracheal layer

57
Q

The prevertebral layer attaches posteriorly to the spinous processes and lies superficial to the

A

Scalene muscles

58
Q

Anteriorly, the prevertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia becomes continuous with the

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament

59
Q

Forms the fascial floor of the posterior triangle

A

Prevertebral layer

60
Q

The prevertebral layer is elongated laterally by the subclavian artery and parts of the brachial plexus, forming ultimately the

A

Axillary sheath

61
Q

A neurovascular compartment formed in part by the prethracheal, preverteral, and investing layers of fascia

A

Carotid sheath

62
Q

The carotid sheath contains the

A

Common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve, and lymph nodes

63
Q

Lies BETWEEN the investing and prevertebral fascia in the posterior triangle

A

Accessory nerve

64
Q

Lies within the retropharyngeal space

A

Sympathetic trunk

65
Q

Lies between the prevertebral fascia and the buccopharyngeal fascia (posterior part of pretrachial)

A

Retropharyngeal space

66
Q

Clinically important because it extends throughout the neck into the thorax and can facilitate the spread of infection pus

A

Retropharyngeal space

67
Q

An esophageal abcess that begins in the neck could spread within the retropharyngeal space into the

A

Superior mediastinum

68
Q

What are the two major cervical arteries?

A

Subclavian artery and External carotid artery

69
Q

The subclavian arteries give rise to branches in the neck that supply the

A

Deep neck, shoulder, and brain

70
Q

Branches of the right and left subclavian artery anastomose with eachother as well as branches of the

A

External carotid artery

71
Q

The external carotid artery branches from the common carotid artery at the level of the

A

C4 vertebral body

72
Q

What are the two important sensory structures located at the bifurcatiuon of the carotid artery?

A

Carotid body and carotid sinus

73
Q

Lies within the crotch of the bifurcation of the common carotid artery

A

Carotid body

74
Q

Contains chemoreceptors that monitor O2 and CO2 content of the blood

A

Carotid body

75
Q

A dilation in the wall of the internal carotid artery at the bifurcation

A

Carotid sinus

76
Q

Contains pressoreceptors that monitor blood pressure

A

Carotid Sinus

77
Q

The carotid body and carotid sinus are innervated primarily by branches of the

A

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

-Some input from Vagus nerve

78
Q

Branches of the right and left external carotids anastomose with eachother and with branches of the

A

Subclavian arteries

79
Q

The two major veins in the head and neck

A

Internal and External jugular veins

80
Q

Begins at the external opening of the jugular foramen where it drains venous blood

A

Internal jugular vein

81
Q

The internal jugular vein courses through the neck within the carotid sheath where it receives tributaries from both

A

Superficial and deep veins

82
Q

The internal jugular vein ends inferiorly by joining the subclavian vein to form the

A

Brachiocephalic vein

83
Q

The external jugular vein begins at the union of the

A

Posterior auricular and retromandibular veins

84
Q

The external jugular vein drains superficial structures of the

A

Face, neck, and scalp

85
Q

The external jugular vein crosses the posterior cervical triangle within the superficial fascia and pierces the investing fascia to drain into the

A

Subclavian vein

86
Q

The nerves found within the neck are of what three types?

A
  1. ) Rami of cervical spinal nerves
  2. ) Cranial nerves
  3. ) The sympathetic trunk
87
Q

Innervate deep posterior neck muscles

A

Dorsal rami of cervical spinal nerves

88
Q

The ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves form which two plexuses?

A

Cervical plexus and Brachial plexus

89
Q

The cervical plexus consists of ventral rami from

A

C1-C4

90
Q

The cervical plexus form sensory nerves of the neck as well as the

A

Ansa cervicalis

91
Q

Supplies motor innervation to the infrahyoid muscles

A

Ansa cervicalis

92
Q

Also formed in the neck by C3, C4, and C5 ventral rami `

A

Phrenic Nerve

93
Q

The phrenic nerve can be located lying anterior to the

A

Anterior scalene muscle

94
Q

Lie in part within the neck

A

Cranial nerves IX, X, XI, and XII

95
Q

The cervical portion of the sympathetic trunk is located within the retropharyngeal space immediately posterior to the

A

Carotid sheath

96
Q

The Sympathetic Trunk typically contains which three ganglia?

A
  1. ) Stellate Ganglia
  2. ) Middle CervicalGanglia
  3. ) Superior cervical ganglia
97
Q

Formed by the fusion of the first thoracic ganglion and the inferior cervical ganglion

A

Stellate Ganglion

98
Q

The stellate ganglion is connected to the

A
  1. ) T1 Ventral ramus (by grey and white ramus communicans)

2. ) C7 nd C8 ventral rami (via grey ramus communicans only)

99
Q

Connected to the C5 and C6 ventral rami via gray rami communicans

A

Middle Cervical Ganglion

100
Q

Connected to C1- C4 ventral rami via gray rami communicans

A

Superior Cervical Ganglion

101
Q

Superiorly comes off the superior cervical ganglion and forms a plexuson the internal carotid artery

A

Internal carotid nerve

102
Q

ALL of the cell bodies of post ganglionic sympathetic neurons that supply the head are located in the

A

Superior cervical Ganglion

103
Q

The primary route of lymphatic drainage is via deep cervical nodes that are located along the

A

Internal jugular Vein

104
Q

These nodes drain into the jugular lymph trunks which drain into the

A

Right lymphatic duct and Thoracic duct

105
Q

These ducts typically drain into the venous system at the union of the

A

Internal jugular and subclavian vein

106
Q

What are the two endocrine glands located in the neck?

A

Thyroid and parathyroid glands

107
Q

The thyroid and parathyroid glands are both richly supplied with blood via

A

Inferior and superior thyroid arteries

108
Q

Connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland

A

Isthmus

109
Q

What are the 5 cervical branches of the external carotid artery?

A
  1. ) Superior thyroid artery
  2. ) Ascending Pharyngeal artery
  3. ) Occipital Artery
  4. ) Lingual Artery
  5. ) Facial Artery
110
Q

The superior thyroid artery branches into the

A

Superior Laryngeal Artery

111
Q

The superior thyroid artery/superior laryngeal artery supply the

A

Thyroid gland and larynx

112
Q

The facial artery supplies the

A

Face

113
Q

The occipital artery supplies the

A

Posterior deep neck and scalp

114
Q

The lingual artery supplies the

A

Oral cavity

115
Q

The ascending pharyngeal artery supplies the

A

Pharynx, deep neck, and face

Structure and Function Test 1 (61 decks)

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