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Structure and Function Test 1 > Abdominal Viscera and Collateral Circulation > Flashcards

Abdominal Viscera and Collateral Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

Space bounded by abdominal walls, diaphragm and pelvis within which lie the greater part of the
digestive organs, spleen, kidneys, and suprarenal glands

A

Abdominal cavity

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2
Q

What are the two subdivisions of the abdominal cavity?

A
  1. ) Greater peritoneal sac

2. ) Lesser peritoneal sac

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3
Q

Includes all of the peritoneal cavity except for the omental bursa

A

Greater peritoneal sac

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4
Q

The greater peritoneal sac can be subdivided into the

A

Supracolic and infracolic compartments

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5
Q

The boundary between the supracolic and infracolic compartments is the

A

Transverse mesocolon and greater omentum (which are fused together)

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6
Q

The supracolic compartment contains the

A

Stomach, liver, and spleen

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7
Q

The infracolic compartment contains the

A

Small intestine, ascending colon, and descending colon

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8
Q

The part of the peritoneal cavity posterior to the stomach, lesser omentum, and gastrosplenic ligament

A

Lesser Peritoneal Sac (omental bursa)

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9
Q

The lesser sac communicates with the greater sac via the

A

Omental foramen (epiploic foramen or foramen of winslow)

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10
Q

What is the anterior border of the omental foramen?

A

Portal vein, proper hepatic artery, and common bile duct

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11
Q

What is the posterior boundary of the omental foramen

A

Inferior vena cava and right crus of the diaphragm

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12
Q

What is the SUPERIOR boundary of the omental foramen

A

Caudate lobe of the liver

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13
Q

What is the INFERIOR boundary of the omental foramen

A

First part of the duodenum

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14
Q

A double layer of peritoneum connecting abdominal wall to a viscus

-contains neurovascular structures andlymphatics

A

Mesentery

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15
Q

Mesenteries serve as a bridge between

A

Parietal and Visceral peritoneum

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16
Q

Mesentery may be given a name specific to the organ it is attached to. What is the name of the mesentery attached to the:

  1. ) Stomach
  2. ) Small intestine
  3. ) Appendix
A
  1. ) Mesogastrium
  2. ) Mesentery proper
  3. ) Mesoappendix
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17
Q

Mesentery may be given a name specific to the organ it is attached to. What is the name of the mesentery attached to the:

  1. ) Sigmoid colon
  2. ) Transverse colon
A
  1. ) Sigmoid mesocolon

2. ) Transverse mesocolon

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18
Q

Double layer of peritoneum connecting two viscera or viscus and abdominal wall

A

Peritoneal ligament

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19
Q

A subcategory of ligament connecting stomach to another organ

A

Omentum

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20
Q

What do the following omentum connect?

  1. ) Gastrohepatic (part of lesser omentum)
  2. ) Hepatoduodenal (part of lesser omentum)
A
  1. ) Liver and stomach

2. ) Liver and duodenum

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21
Q

What do the following omentum connect?

  1. ) Gastrosplenic (part of greater omentum)
  2. ) Gastrocolic (part of greater omentum)
  3. ) Splenorenal
A
  1. ) Stomach and spleen
  2. ) Stomach and transverse colon
  3. ) Spleen and posterior abdominal wall
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22
Q

The foregut (esophagus, stomach, proximal portion of duodenum) is supplied by the

A

Celiac trunk

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23
Q

The celiac trunk gives rise to the

A

Common hepatic, left gastric, and splenic arteries

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24
Q

The midgut is supplied by the

A

Superior mesenteric artery

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25
Q

The hindgut is supplied by the

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

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26
Q

Venous return to the digestive tract is to the

A

Hepatic portal system (NO valves)

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27
Q

Drains embryonically peritoneal organs (i.e. adult peritoneal and adult secondary retroperitoneal)

A

Hepatic Portal Vein

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28
Q

Drains embryonically retroperitoneal organs (i.e. adult primary retroperitoneal)

A

Inferior Vena Cava

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29
Q

There are 4 anastomoses in the portal system. The left gastric vein anastomoses with the

A

Azygos vein (esophageal varices)

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30
Q

There are 4 anastomoses in the portal system. The superior rectal veins anastomose with the

A

Inferior and middle rectal veins (internal hemorrhoids)

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31
Q

There are 4 anastomoses in the portal system. The Paraumbilical veins anastomose with the

A

Epigastric veins (caput medusae)

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32
Q

There are 4 anastomoses in the portal system. The colic veins anastomose with the

A

Retroperitoneal veins

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33
Q

Tend to follow the vascular system

A

Lymphatic pathways

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34
Q

Interposed in the lymphatic channels

A

Lymph nodes

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35
Q

Pattern of lymphatic drainage determines lymphatic spread of

A

Epithelial malignancies

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36
Q

Conduit for food

A

Abdominal esophagus

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37
Q

Function in digestion

A

Stomach and duodenum

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38
Q

Function in absorption

A

Small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum)

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39
Q

Functions in the resorption of water and storage of stool

A

Colon

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40
Q

Biliary tree and pancreas contribute substances which aid

A

Digestion

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41
Q

Metabolically processes nutrients

A

Liver

42
Q

The abdominal esophagus passes through the esophageal hiatus in the right crus of the diaphragm at the

A

T10 level

43
Q

The abdominal esophagus enters the stomach at the

A

Cardial orifice

44
Q

The esophagus is encircled by the

A

Esophageal nerve plexus

45
Q

Retroperitoneal, and is made up of external longitudinal and internal circular layers of smooth muscle

A

Esophagus

46
Q

The esophagus is attached to margins of diaphragmatic hiatus by the

A

Phrenicoesophageal ligament

47
Q

What is the arterial supply of the esophagus?

A

Left gastric and left inferior phrenic artery

48
Q

The esophagus has dual venous drainage. What are the two drainage paths?

A
  1. ) Left gastric vein to portal system

2. ) Esophageal veins to azygos vein (systemic system)

49
Q

What are the two types of esophageal hernias?

A
  1. ) Sliding type

2. ) Paraesophageal type

50
Q

Type of hiatus hernia involving the abdominal esophagus, cardia, and parts of the fundus in the thorax

A

Sliding type

51
Q

Type of hiatus hernia involving the fundus in the thorax, but the cardia is in normal position

A

Paraesophageal type

52
Q

Hiatus hernia with regurgitation

A

Sliding type

53
Q

Hiatus hernia with no regurgitation

A

Paraesophageal type

54
Q

What are the four parts of the stomach

A
  1. ) Cardia
  2. ) Fundus
  3. ) Body
  4. ) Pyloric
55
Q

The pyloric part of the stomach is made up of the

A

Antrum, Canal, and Pylorus

56
Q

What are the borders of the stomach

A

Lesser curvature (concave) and Greater curvature (convex)

57
Q

The interior of the stomach contains

A

Rugae (longitudinal ridges)

58
Q

What is the arterial supply to the stomach?

A

Left gastric, right gastric, right gastro-omental, and short gastric

59
Q

The venous drainage of the stomach and duodenum is via the

A

Portal system

60
Q

Partially retroperitoneal and commences at the pylorus

A

Duodenum

61
Q

Takes a C-shaped course around the head of the pancreas

A

Duodenum

62
Q

What are the four parts of the duodenum?

A
  1. ) Superior
  2. ) Descending
  3. ) Horizontal
  4. ) Ascending
63
Q

The superior duodenum is anterolateral to the body of L1 and the first two centimeters are a peritoneal part called the

A

Ampulla

64
Q

Where the bile and pancreatic ducts enter at junction of foregut and midgut

A

Descending duodenum

65
Q

Passes anterior to IVC, aorta, and L3 vertebra and posterior to SMA, SMV, root of mesentery

A

Horizontal duodenum

66
Q

In the ascending colon, a duodenojejunal junction is supported by a suspensory muscle of the duodenum known as the

A

Ligament of Treitz

67
Q

What is the arterial supply of the duodenum?

A

Three Anastomoses between the foregut and midgut

68
Q

Marks the transition point between the foregut and midgut

A

Bile duct

69
Q

There are three anastomoses in the duodenum. The gastroduodenal anastomoses with the

A

Anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

70
Q

There are three anastomoses in the duodenum. The superior mesenteric artery anastomoses with the

A

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (divides into anterior and posterior branches)

71
Q

What are the functional lobes of the liver?

A
  1. ) left (including quadrate and caudate)

2. ) Right

72
Q

What are the 4 ligaments of the liver?

A
  1. ) Falciform
  2. ) Ligamentum teres (obliterated umbilical vein)
  3. ) Coronary
  4. ) Triangular
73
Q

What are the 2 sources of blood to the liver?

A
  1. ) Hepatic artery (systemic, 30%)

2. ) Portal vein (70%)

74
Q

What are the branches of the proper hepatic artery?

A

Right gastric, right and left hepatic, and cystic

75
Q

What are the subdivisions of the gallbladder?

A

Fundus, body, and neck (contains spiral valve)

76
Q

Receives its blood supply from the cystic artery (usually a branch of the right hepatic system)

A

Gallbladder

77
Q

Crosses through the cystohepatic triangle (triangle of calot)

A

Cystic Artery

78
Q

Originates as dorsal and ventral buds and is made up of a head, uncinate process, neck, body, and tail

A

Pancreas

79
Q

What are 4 pancreatic ducts?

A
  1. ) Minor pancreatic duct (of Santorinin)
  2. ) Common Bile duct
  3. ) Hepatopancreatic Ampulla (of Vater)
  4. ) Major Pancreatic duct (of Wirsung)
80
Q

The blood supply to the head and neck of the pancreas is from the

A

Superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

81
Q

The blood supply to the body and tail of the pancreas is from the

A

Splenic artery

82
Q

Collateral circulation between celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery

A

Pancreaticoduodenal arteries

83
Q

“The largest lymph node in the body”

-not part of the alimentary tract

A

Spleen

84
Q

What are the relations of the spleen

  1. ) Anteriorly
  2. ) Posteriorly
  3. ) Inferiorly
  4. ) Medially
A
  1. ) Stomach
  2. ) Diaphragm
  3. ) Left colic flexure
  4. ) Left kidney and tail of pancreas
85
Q

What are the ligamentous attachments of the spleen?

-both derived from dorsal mesentery

A

Gastrosplenic and splenorenal ligaments

86
Q

The only blood supply to the spleen

-no anastomoses

A

Splenic artery

87
Q

Fan-shaped mesentery extending diagonally from left upper quadrant to right lower quadrant

-6-7 meters long

A

Jejunum and illeum

88
Q

Redder, thicker walled, and more vascular, with longer vasa recta, larger and fewer arcades, and fewer lymphoids nodules (Peyer’s Patches)

A

Jejuum

89
Q

Supplied by the superior mesenteric artery, which gives the jejunal and ileal arteries

A

Jejunum and ileum

90
Q

The jejunum and ileum are drained by the superior mesenteric vein which drains into the

A

Portal vein

91
Q

What are 3 external features of the large intestine?

A
  1. ) Taeniae coli
  2. ) Haustra (sacculations)
  3. ) Omental appendices
92
Q

Has a wide diameter in cecum, narrowing distally as far as rectosigmoid junction

A

Large intestine

93
Q

Three bands of longitudinal smooth muscle

A

Taeniae coli

94
Q

Fatty tags

-subserosal

A

Omental appendices

95
Q

What are the two secondarily retroperitoneal parts of the large intestine?

A

Ascending and Descending

96
Q

What are the two peritoneal parts of the large intestine

A

Transverse and Sigmoid

97
Q

What is the arterial supply for the following segments of the large intestine?

  1. ) Ascending colon
  2. ) Transverse colon
  3. ) Descending colon
  4. ) Sigmoid colon
A
  1. ) Ileocolic and right colic arteries
  2. ) Middle colic artery
  3. ) Left colic artery
  4. ) Sigmoid artery
98
Q

A diverticulum of the cecum that emerges at the junction of the three teniae coli

A

Appendix

99
Q

The appendix receives its blood supply from the appendicular artery from the

A

Ileocolic artery

100
Q

Blind pouch inferior to the ileocecal valve that gives rise to the appendix

A

Cecum

101
Q

What is the arterial supply of the cecum?

A

Superior mesenteric artery –> Ileocolic artery

102
Q

What is the venous drainage of the cecum?

A

Ileocolic vein –> superior mesenteric vein –> portal vein

Structure and Function Test 1 (61 decks)

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