Compartments of the Thigh and Knee Joint

Question 1

What are the three compartments of the thigh?

Answer 1

Anterior, medial, and posterior

Question 2

The deep fascia of the thigh is called the

Answer 2

Fascia Lata

Question 3

Acts to facilitate venous return

Answer 3

Fascia Lata

Question 4

The fascia lata is thickened laterally forming the

Answer 4

Iliotibial tract

Question 5

Provides support for the knee joint and is a site of attachment for the gluteus maximus and tensor fascia lata muscles

Answer 5

Iliotibial tract/band

Question 6

The deep fascia extends from the iliotibial tract to the femur creating the

Answer 6

Lateral intermuscular septum

Question 7

Extends from the deep fascia on the medial aspect of the thigh to the femur

Answer 7

Medial intermuscular septum

Question 8

The anterior thigh is the hip flexor/knee extensor compartment and is innervated by the

Answer 8

Femoral nerve

Question 9

What are the 8 anterior thigh muscles?

Answer 9

1. ) Psoas major
2. ) Illiacus
3. ) Tensor Fascia Lata
4. ) Sartorius
5. ) Rectus femoris
6. ) Vastus intermedius
7. ) Vastus lateralis
8. ) Vastus medialis

Question 10

Which of the anterior thigh muscles function in HIP FLEXION

Answer 10

Iliopsoas, sartorius, tensor fascia lata, and rectus femoris

Question 11

Which anterior thigh muscles function in knee extension

Answer 11

Quadriceps femoris

Question 12

The medial thigh compartment houses the hip adductors and is innervated by the

Answer 12

Obturator nerve

Question 13

What are the 6 muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

Answer 13

Pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilis, and obturator externus

Question 14

Which medial thigh muscles function in hip adduction

Answer 14

Pectineaus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, and Gracilis

Question 15

Which medial thigh muscles function in hip lateral rotation?

Answer 15

Obturator externus

Question 16

Which medial thigh muscles function in hip extension?

Answer 16

Hamstring part of the adductor magnus

Question 17

Which medial thigh muscles function in knee flexion

Answer 17

Gracilis

Question 18

The posterior compartment is the hip extensor, knee flexor compartment and is innervated by the

Answer 18

Tibial nerve

Question 19

What are the 5 muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

Answer 19

Semitendinosis, semimembranosis, Biceps femoris (long and short heads), and the hamstring part of the adductor magnus

Question 20

Which posterior thigh muscles function in hip extension?

Answer 20

Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, aductor magnus, and long head of biceps femoris

Question 21

Which posterior thigh muscles function in knee flexion?

Answer 21

Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and the long and short heads of biceps femoris

Question 22

An invagination of transversalis fascia that is extended into the thigh by the femoral artery, vein, and lymphatics

Answer 22

Femoral sheath

Question 23

Not contained within the femoral sheath

Answer 23

Femoral nerve

Question 24

Can occur as loops of bowel that enter the medial most compartment of the femoral sheath, i.e. the femoral canal

Answer 24

Femoral hernias

Question 25

Femoral hernias are distinguished from inguinal hernias in that they pass posterior to the

Answer 25

Inguinal ligament

Question 26

A hinge type synovial joint between the femoral condyles and tibial condyles, and the patella and femur

Answer 26

Knee joint

Question 27

The shape of the articulating surfaces, round femoral condyles, and flat tibial condyles, make the knee joint inherently

Answer 27

Unstable

Question 28

Two wedges of fibrocartilage that provide a shallow socket for the femoral condyles and divide the joint cavity into two compartments

Answer 28

Menisci

Question 29

The menisci divide the joint cavity into which two compartments?

Answer 29

Suprameniscal and inframeniscal

Question 30

Between the femoral condyles and the menisci

Answer 30

Suprameniscal compartment

Question 31

Between the menisci and tibial condyles

Answer 31

Inframeniscal compartment

Question 32

What are the five types of EXTRACAPSULAR support for the knee joint?

Answer 32

Patellar, lateral collateral, medial collateral, arcuate popliteal, and oblique popliteal ligaments

Question 33

Attaches the patella to the tibial tuberosity

Answer 33

Patellar ligament

Question 34

The patellar tendon functions to

Answer 34

Provide anterior support to joint capsule

Question 35

Stretched during knee flexion

Answer 35

Patellar ligament

Question 36

Attaches the lateral femoral epicondyle to the apex of fibula

Answer 36

Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)

Question 37

The LCL acts to

Answer 37

Provide lateral support to knee

Question 38

Taught during extension

Answer 38

LCL and MCL

Question 39

Connects the medial femoral epicondyle to the tibia and medial meniscus

Answer 39

Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)

Question 40

The MCL acts to

Answer 40

Provide medial support to the knee

Question 41

Connects the semimembranosus tendon to the lateral joint capsule

Answer 41

Oblique popliteal ligament

Question 42

The oblique popliteal ligament acts to

Answer 42

Resist hyperextension of knee

Question 43

What are the 4 structures functioning in INTRACAPSULAR support?

Answer 43

1. ) Medial meniscus 2. ) Lateral meniscus 3. ) Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) 4. ) Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

Question 44

The medial meniscus attaches to the

Answer 44

Intercondylar area of the tibia, tibial plateau, and MCL

Question 45

Receives the medial femoral condyle

Answer 45

Medial meniscus

Question 46

Translates on the tibia and rotates with the femur during knee movements

Answer 46

Medial and Lateral menisci

Question 47

The lateral meniscus attaches to the

Answer 47

Intercondylar area of the tibia, tibial plateau, and lateral femoral condyle via the meniscofemoral ligament

Question 48

Receives the lateral femoral condyle

Answer 48

Lateral meniscus

Question 49

Connects the anterior intercondylar eminence of tibia to medial surface of lateral femoral condyle (up and out)

Answer 49

ACL

Question 50

During extension, the ACL is

Answer 50

Taut

Question 51

The ACL acts to

Answer 51

Resist anterior displacement of the tibia on the fixed femur

Question 52

Attaches the posterior intercondylar eminence of tibia to the lateral surface of medial femoral condyle (up and in)

Answer 52

PCL

Question 53

Taut during knee flexion

Answer 53

PCL

Question 54

The PCL acts to

Answer 54

Resist posterior displacement of the tibia on the fixed femur

Question 55

Movements of the knee with the femur fixed (i.e. sitting in a chair), are described as

Answer 55

Movement of tibia on femur

Question 56

Movements of the knee with tibia fixed (i.e. standing) are described as

Answer 56

Movement of femur on tibia

Question 57

The fixed bone is the one that is

Answer 57

Acted on

Question 58

With the tibia fixed, upon contraction of the quadriceps, extension begins with

Answer 58

Anterior rolling of femur on tibia in suprameniscal compartment

Question 59

The anterior rolling is checked by the

Answer 59

PCL

Question 60

Occurs concomitantly with the anterior rolling and prevents the femur from rolling off the tibial surface

Answer 60

Posterior translation (sliding) of femur on the tibia in inframeniscal compartment

Question 61

This posterior translational movement is checked by the

Answer 61

ACL

Question 62

Near full extension the lateral femoral condyle reaches the limit of its articular surface (full congruency) and stops rolling while the longer articular surface of the medial femoral condyle continues to roll in the

Answer 62

Suprameniscal compartment

Question 63

This results in a -locks the knee in full extension

Answer 63

Medial rotation of the femur

Question 64

Unlocking of the knee requires muscle action. To unlock the knee, the femur is rotated laterally by

Answer 64

Popliteus muscle contraction

Question 65

Which muscles function in flexion at the knee?

Answer 65

Hamstrings (ST, SM, BF), Gracilis, sartorius, and popliteus

Question 66

Which muscles function in extension of the knee?

Answer 66

Quadriceps femoris (RF, VI, VL, and VM)

Question 67

Which muscles function in medial rotation of the tibia on the femur (lateral rotation of femur on tibia)?

Answer 67

Popliteus, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, sartorius, and gracilis

Question 68

Which muscles function in lateral rotation of tibia on femur (medial rotation of femur on tibia)?

Answer 68

Biceps femoris

Question 69

Arterial blood supply is provided to the knee primarily from

Answer 69

Genicular branches of the popliteal artery

Question 70

Sensory innervation of the knee is via branches of the

Answer 70

Femoral, obturator, tibial, and common fibular nerves

Question 71

Can occur as a result of bursitis or internal damage leading to knee effusions

Answer 71

Knee swelling

Question 72

Caused by a lateral blow to the knee

Answer 72

Valgus stress

Question 73

Valgus stress can result in simultaneous damage to the

Answer 73

ACL, medial menisucs, and MCL (called the unhappy triad)

Question 74

Caused by a medial blow to the knee

Answer 74

Varus stress

Question 75

Can occur in excessive knee twisting or hyperextension

Answer 75

Cruciate ligament tears

Question 76

Analysis of cruciate ligament damage is done by the

Answer 76

Drawer test

Question 77

How do we test the 1. ) ACL 2. ) PCL

Answer 77

1. ) Anterior drawer test | 2. ) Posterior drawer test

Question 78

How do we test the 1. ) MCL 2. ) LCL

Answer 78

1. ) Applied valgus stress | 2. ) Applied varus stress