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Structure and Function Test 1 > Compartments of the Thigh and Knee Joint > Flashcards

Compartments of the Thigh and Knee Joint Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three compartments of the thigh?

A

Anterior, medial, and posterior

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2
Q

The deep fascia of the thigh is called the

A

Fascia Lata

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3
Q

Acts to facilitate venous return

A

Fascia Lata

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4
Q

The fascia lata is thickened laterally forming the

A

Iliotibial tract

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5
Q

Provides support for the knee joint and is a site of attachment for the gluteus maximus and tensor fascia lata muscles

A

Iliotibial tract/band

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6
Q

The deep fascia extends from the iliotibial tract to the femur creating the

A

Lateral intermuscular septum

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7
Q

Extends from the deep fascia on the medial aspect of the thigh to the femur

A

Medial intermuscular septum

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8
Q

The anterior thigh is the hip flexor/knee extensor compartment and is innervated by the

A

Femoral nerve

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9
Q

What are the 8 anterior thigh muscles?

A
  1. ) Psoas major
  2. ) Illiacus
  3. ) Tensor Fascia Lata
  4. ) Sartorius
  5. ) Rectus femoris
  6. ) Vastus intermedius
  7. ) Vastus lateralis
  8. ) Vastus medialis
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10
Q

Which of the anterior thigh muscles function in HIP FLEXION

A

Iliopsoas, sartorius, tensor fascia lata, and rectus femoris

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11
Q

Which anterior thigh muscles function in knee extension

A

Quadriceps femoris

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12
Q

The medial thigh compartment houses the hip adductors and is innervated by the

A

Obturator nerve

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13
Q

What are the 6 muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilis, and obturator externus

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14
Q

Which medial thigh muscles function in hip adduction

A

Pectineaus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, and Gracilis

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15
Q

Which medial thigh muscles function in hip lateral rotation?

A

Obturator externus

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16
Q

Which medial thigh muscles function in hip extension?

A

Hamstring part of the adductor magnus

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17
Q

Which medial thigh muscles function in knee flexion

A

Gracilis

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18
Q

The posterior compartment is the hip extensor, knee flexor compartment and is innervated by the

A

Tibial nerve

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19
Q

What are the 5 muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Semitendinosis, semimembranosis, Biceps femoris (long and short heads), and the hamstring part of the adductor magnus

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20
Q

Which posterior thigh muscles function in hip extension?

A

Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, aductor magnus, and long head of biceps femoris

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21
Q

Which posterior thigh muscles function in knee flexion?

A

Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and the long and short heads of biceps femoris

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22
Q

An invagination of transversalis fascia that is extended into the thigh by the femoral artery, vein, and lymphatics

A

Femoral sheath

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23
Q

Not contained within the femoral sheath

A

Femoral nerve

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24
Q

Can occur as loops of bowel that enter the medial most compartment of the femoral sheath, i.e. the femoral canal

A

Femoral hernias

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25
Q

Femoral hernias are distinguished from inguinal hernias in that they pass posterior to the

A

Inguinal ligament

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26
Q

A hinge type synovial joint between the femoral condyles and tibial condyles, and the patella and femur

A

Knee joint

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27
Q

The shape of the articulating surfaces, round femoral condyles, and flat tibial condyles, make the knee joint inherently

A

Unstable

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28
Q

Two wedges of fibrocartilage that provide a shallow socket for the femoral condyles and divide the joint cavity into two compartments

A

Menisci

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29
Q

The menisci divide the joint cavity into which two compartments?

A

Suprameniscal and inframeniscal

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30
Q

Between the femoral condyles and the menisci

A

Suprameniscal compartment

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31
Q

Between the menisci and tibial condyles

A

Inframeniscal compartment

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32
Q

What are the five types of EXTRACAPSULAR support for the knee joint?

A

Patellar, lateral collateral, medial collateral, arcuate popliteal, and oblique popliteal ligaments

33
Q

Attaches the patella to the tibial tuberosity

A

Patellar ligament

34
Q

The patellar tendon functions to

A

Provide anterior support to joint capsule

35
Q

Stretched during knee flexion

A

Patellar ligament

36
Q

Attaches the lateral femoral epicondyle to the apex of fibula

A

Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)

37
Q

The LCL acts to

A

Provide lateral support to knee

38
Q

Taught during extension

A

LCL and MCL

39
Q

Connects the medial femoral epicondyle to the tibia and medial meniscus

A

Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)

40
Q

The MCL acts to

A

Provide medial support to the knee

41
Q

Connects the semimembranosus tendon to the lateral joint capsule

A

Oblique popliteal ligament

42
Q

The oblique popliteal ligament acts to

A

Resist hyperextension of knee

43
Q

What are the 4 structures functioning in INTRACAPSULAR support?

A
  1. ) Medial meniscus
  2. ) Lateral meniscus
  3. ) Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
  4. ) Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
44
Q

The medial meniscus attaches to the

A

Intercondylar area of the tibia, tibial plateau, and MCL

45
Q

Receives the medial femoral condyle

A

Medial meniscus

46
Q

Translates on the tibia and rotates with the femur during knee movements

A

Medial and Lateral menisci

47
Q

The lateral meniscus attaches to the

A

Intercondylar area of the tibia, tibial plateau, and lateral femoral condyle via the meniscofemoral ligament

48
Q

Receives the lateral femoral condyle

A

Lateral meniscus

49
Q

Connects the anterior intercondylar eminence of tibia to medial surface of lateral femoral condyle (up and out)

A

ACL

50
Q

During extension, the ACL is

A

Taut

51
Q

The ACL acts to

A

Resist anterior displacement of the tibia on the fixed femur

52
Q

Attaches the posterior intercondylar eminence of tibia to the lateral surface of medial femoral condyle (up and in)

A

PCL

53
Q

Taut during knee flexion

A

PCL

54
Q

The PCL acts to

A

Resist posterior displacement of the tibia on the fixed femur

55
Q

Movements of the knee with the femur fixed (i.e. sitting in a chair), are described as

A

Movement of tibia on femur

56
Q

Movements of the knee with tibia fixed (i.e. standing) are described as

A

Movement of femur on tibia

57
Q

The fixed bone is the one that is

A

Acted on

58
Q

With the tibia fixed, upon contraction of the quadriceps, extension begins with

A

Anterior rolling of femur on tibia in suprameniscal compartment

59
Q

The anterior rolling is checked by the

A

PCL

60
Q

Occurs concomitantly with the anterior rolling and prevents the femur from rolling off the tibial surface

A

Posterior translation (sliding) of femur on the tibia in inframeniscal compartment

61
Q

This posterior translational movement is checked by the

A

ACL

62
Q

Near full extension the lateral femoral condyle reaches the limit of its articular surface (full congruency) and stops rolling while the longer articular surface of the medial femoral condyle continues to roll in the

A

Suprameniscal compartment

63
Q

This results in a

-locks the knee in full extension

A

Medial rotation of the femur

64
Q

Unlocking of the knee requires muscle action. To unlock the knee, the femur is rotated laterally by

A

Popliteus muscle contraction

65
Q

Which muscles function in flexion at the knee?

A

Hamstrings (ST, SM, BF), Gracilis, sartorius, and popliteus

66
Q

Which muscles function in extension of the knee?

A

Quadriceps femoris (RF, VI, VL, and VM)

67
Q

Which muscles function in medial rotation of the tibia on the femur (lateral rotation of femur on tibia)?

A

Popliteus, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, sartorius, and gracilis

68
Q

Which muscles function in lateral rotation of tibia on femur (medial rotation of femur on tibia)?

A

Biceps femoris

69
Q

Arterial blood supply is provided to the knee primarily from

A

Genicular branches of the popliteal artery

70
Q

Sensory innervation of the knee is via branches of the

A

Femoral, obturator, tibial, and common fibular nerves

71
Q

Can occur as a result of bursitis or internal damage leading to knee effusions

A

Knee swelling

72
Q

Caused by a lateral blow to the knee

A

Valgus stress

73
Q

Valgus stress can result in simultaneous damage to the

A

ACL, medial menisucs, and MCL (called the unhappy triad)

74
Q

Caused by a medial blow to the knee

A

Varus stress

75
Q

Can occur in excessive knee twisting or hyperextension

A

Cruciate ligament tears

76
Q

Analysis of cruciate ligament damage is done by the

A

Drawer test

77
Q

How do we test the

  1. ) ACL
  2. ) PCL
A
  1. ) Anterior drawer test

2. ) Posterior drawer test

78
Q

How do we test the

  1. ) MCL
  2. ) LCL
A
  1. ) Applied valgus stress

2. ) Applied varus stress

Structure and Function Test 1 (61 decks)

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