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Structure and Function Test 1 > Abdomen Lecture Notes Pt. 1 > Flashcards

Abdomen Lecture Notes Pt. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Pain arising from the gut tube will be referred to the

A

Epigastrium, umbilical, or hypogastrium regions

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2
Q

Lines the entire inside of the abdominal wall

A

Transversalis Fascia

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3
Q

Gets thick and fatty in the posterior abdominal wall

-Where the kidneys are located

A

Extraperitoneal layer

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4
Q

Outter covering of peritoneal cavity/inner wall of abdominal cavity

A

Parietal peritoneum

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5
Q

Envagination of the skin and superficial fascia that has no Camper’s fascia but has a Scarpas fascia (dartos fascia)

A

Scrotum

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6
Q

Fused together in the inguinal region

A

Internal oblique and transversalis fascia

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7
Q

Envagination of the transversalis fascia where the spermatic cord becomes continuous with the transversalis fascia

A

Deep inguinal ring

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8
Q

The folded under free edge of the external oblique aponeurosis

A

Inguinal ligament

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9
Q

The transition where the internal oblique fibers begin to face downward and medial forms an arch called the

A

Falx inguinalis

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10
Q

Internal oblique muscle fibers that are envaginated by the testes

A

Cremaster muscle

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11
Q

The external oblique aponeurosis has a hole in it called the

A

Superficial inguinal ring

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12
Q

The testes originates in the

A

Extraperitoneal layer

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13
Q

Both the direct and indirect inguinal hernias exit the

A

Superficial inguinal ring

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14
Q

What is the anatomical distinguishment between direct and indirect hernias?

A

Only indirect hernias pass through the deep inguinal ring

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15
Q

Pass MEDIAL to the inferior epigastric artery

A

Direct inguinal hernias

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16
Q

Pass LATERAL to the inferior epigastric artery

A

Indirect inguinal hernia

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17
Q

If you kow it’s an inguinal hernia and you place your finger on the DEEP inguinal ring and have the patient cough and you feel the hernia hit your finger in the superficial ring, then the hernia is a

A

DIRECT inguinal hernia

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18
Q

ALL congenital inguinal hernias are

A

Indirect Inguinal Hernias

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19
Q

Forms the scrotum in males and the labia major in females

A

Labiosacral fold

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20
Q

Forms the gubernaculum testes in males and the round ligament of the uterus in females

A

Caudal Genital Ligament

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21
Q

Gets to the ovary in a fold of peritoneum called the suspensatory ligament of the ovary

A

Ovarian artery

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22
Q

Causes the dorsal part of the yolk sac to start getting internalized to become the gut tube

A

Lateral body folding

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23
Q

Pinches off the yolk sac and fully internalizes the gut tube

A

Fusion of lateral body folds

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24
Q

Once the gut tube forms, we get epithelium proliferation which occludes the lumen by forming the

A

Epithelial plug

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25
Q

Apoptosis of this epithelial plug reforms the lumen of the gut tube. Failure of this process can result in either

A

Stenosis (partial block) or Atresia (complete block)

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26
Q

Lateral body folds fuse in the midline to form the

A

Ventral body wall

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27
Q

Failure of the lateral folds to completely fuse

A

Gastroschisisis

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28
Q

Proximal part of vitelline duct fuses but the distal end remains open to the exterior

A

Vitelline sinus

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29
Q

We have overlapping blood supply in the

A

Duodenum and transverse colon

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30
Q

There are no structures found in the

A

Coelom

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31
Q

An organ that is COMPLETELY surrounded by peritoneum is called a

A

Peritoneal organ

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32
Q

An organ that is only PARTIALLY surrounded by peritoneum is called a

A

Retroperitoneal organ

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33
Q

Peritoneum that COMPLETELY surrounds peritoneal organs is called

A

Visceral peritoneum

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34
Q

Peritoneum that covers retroperitoneal organs is called

A

Parietal peritoneum

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35
Q

Peritoneum that connects parietal and visceral peritoneum is called

A

Mesentary

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36
Q

A ventral evagination of endoderm into the ventral mesentary forms the

A

Hepatic diverticulum (which forms liver, gallbladder, and bile duct)

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37
Q

The ventral mesentary gives rise to the

A

Lesser omentum, Falciform ligament, and visceral peritoneum of the liver

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38
Q

The bile duct is found INSIDE of the

A

Lesser omentum (at the free edge)

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39
Q

The hepatic diverticulum evaginates from the second part of the duodenum, thus the bile duct enters the duodenum in the

A

2nd part

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40
Q

The bilary duct system is made up of which three parts?

A
  1. ) Common bile duct (hepatic diverticulum)
  2. ) Cystic duct (to gall bladder)
  3. ) Hepatic Duct (to liver)
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41
Q

Has two ducts that connect to the 2nd part of the duodenum

42
Q

Drains into the duodenum at the same spot as the common bile duct

A

Ventral (major) pancreatic duct

43
Q

Sometimes the ventral pancreas splits into 2 and migrates around both sides of the duodenum forming a ring of pancreas around the 2nd part of the duodenum. This is called

A

Annular pancreas

44
Q

The dorsal mesogastrium (dorsal mesentary of the stomach) is made up of which three parts?

A
  1. ) Visceral peritoneum of stomach
  2. ) Gastrosplenic ligament
  3. ) Splenorenal ligament
45
Q

Ligament between spleen and stomach

A

Gastrosplenic ligament

46
Q

A mesoderm organ that is NOT connected to the gut tube by a duct

47
Q

The splenic artery travels to the spleen in the

A

Splenorenal ligament

48
Q

From the 2nd part of the duodenum down, what disappears?

A

All ventral mesentary

49
Q

When the gut moves over to the left, the visceral and parietal peritoneum fuse and the peritoneum becomes the

A

Fusion fascia

50
Q

Organs that started off as peritoneal but then become retroperitoneal

A

Secondary retroperitoneal

51
Q

Peritoneum covering secondary retroperitoneal organs

A

Parietal peritoneum

52
Q

Secondary retroperitoneal organs and their blood vessels are IN FRONT of

A

Primary retroperitoneal organs and blood vessels

53
Q

Located on the sides of the ascending and descending colon and is a bloodless plain that surgeons use to move secondary retroperitoneal organs and vessels away from the abdominal wall

A

White line of told

54
Q

The pathway from the greater sac (ventral) to the lesser sac (dorsal) is around the free edge of the lesser omentum which is known as the

A

Epiploic foramen (of Winslow)

55
Q

Located at the free edge of the lesser omentum

A

Hepatic triad

  1. ) Bile duct (anterolateral)
  2. ) Hepatic artery (anteromedial)
  3. ) Portal vein (posterior)
56
Q

What are the 5 SECONDARY retroperitoneal organs?

A
  1. ) Most of duodenum
  2. ) Most of pancreas
  3. ) Ascending colon
  4. ) Descending colon
  5. ) Upper rectum
57
Q

What are the 7 PRIMARY retroperitoneal organs?

A
  1. ) Kidney
  2. ) Adrenal Gland
  3. ) Ureter
  4. ) Aorta
  5. ) Inferior vena cava
  6. ) Lower rectum
  7. ) Anal Canal
58
Q

The lesser omentum is made up of which two parts?

A
  1. ) Hepaticogastric ligament (thin)

2. ) Hepaticoduodenal ligament (Thick)

59
Q

The epiploic foramen is not useful for

A

Surgical entry to the lesser sac

60
Q

What 3 things can we cut through to gain surgical entry to the lesser sac?

A
  1. ) Lesser omentum (left entry)
  2. ) Gastrosplenic ligament (right entry)
  3. ) Gastrocolic ligament (frontal entry)
61
Q

Fused to the greater omentum

A

Transverse colon and transverse mesocolon

62
Q

Part of the greater omentum in front of the transverse colon that serves as a boundary between greater and lesser sacs

A

Gastrocolic ligament

63
Q

Which arteries run along the lesser curvature of the stomach and anastomose with one another

A

Left gastric (celiac trunk) and right gastric (proper hepatic)

64
Q

Gives off the left gastroomental artery to the greater curvature and the short gastric arteries to the fundus of the stomach

A

Splenic artery

65
Q

Bifurcates into an ascending branch (proper hepatic) and a descending branch (gastroduodenal)

A

Common hepatic artery (off celiac trunk)

66
Q

Which arteries are found on the greater curvature of the stomach where they anastamose?

A

Left and right gastroomental arteries

67
Q

Gives off the right gastroomental artery and the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery

A

Gastroduodenal artery (branch off common hepatic)

68
Q

Artery formed by the anastomoses between the ileocolic, right colic, left colic, middle colic, and sigmoid arteries of the colon

A

Marginal artery of Drummond

69
Q

The marginal artery of drummond does not sit on the

70
Q

The marginal artery of Drummond sends branches to the colon that do not have anastomoses called

A

Vasa recta

71
Q

Occlusion of a vasa recta artery causes

A

Ischemic bowel in that section

72
Q

The vasa recta penetrate the colon at weak spots in the wall, which are common spots for

A

Diverticulitis

73
Q

Where are the three anastomoses to get from the portal system to the IVC if the liver is occluded?

A
  1. ) By upper part of rectum
  2. ) By esophagus
  3. ) Paraumbilical veins
74
Q

The anastomoses by the upper part of the rectum is an anastomosis between the

A

Superior rectal vein (portal) and middle and inferior rectal veins (IVC)

75
Q

The anastomosis by the esophagus is an anstomosis between the

A

Left gastric vein (portal) and the esophageal and azygous veins (IVC)

76
Q

The anastomosis with the paraumbilical veins is between the

A

Paraumbilical veins (portal) and the superior epigastric veins (IVC)

77
Q

If blood is redirected throug the anastomosis by the upper part of the rectum, we see

A

Internal hemmorhoids

78
Q

If blood is redirected through the esophageal anastomosis, we see

A

Esophageal varices

79
Q

If blood is directed through the paraumbilical anastomosis, we see

A

Capute medusae (bulging veins radiating from umbilicus)

80
Q

None of the branches of the portal venous system have

81
Q

Run along the surface of the ligamentum teres

A

Paraumbilical veins

82
Q

The most common procedure to create a communiation between portal and caval systems where a shunt is placed between hepatic veins (IVC) and portal veins in the liver

A

Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS)

83
Q

All the lymph channels in the abdomen drain into the

-Continues superiorly as the thoracic duct

A

Cysterna Chylae

84
Q

What are the three hiatuses of the diaphragm?

A
  1. ) Aortic hiatus
  2. ) Cavalhiatus
  3. ) Esophageal hiatus
85
Q

Sits between the two crura BEHIND the diaphragm

A

Aortic hiatus

86
Q

Located in the central tendon of the diaphragm

-Where the IVC passes through

A

Caval hiatus

87
Q

Opening in the right crus of the diaphrgm

-the only hiatus surrounded by skeletal muscle

A

Esophageal hiatus

88
Q

Which part of the stomach does the esophagus insert into?

89
Q

Thickening of circular smooth muscle that marks the entrance to the duodenum

A

Pyloric Sphincter

90
Q

The bile duct and major pancreatic duct empty into the

A

Ampulla of Vater

91
Q

The blood supply to the duodenum gets to the duodenum by first passing through the

A

Head of the pancreas

92
Q

Allows superior mesenteric artery to to supply blood to the forgut if the celiac trunk is occluded

A

Anastomosis between superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

93
Q

The tail of the pancreas is directly next to the

94
Q

Hook off the head of the pancreas that tucks BEHIND the superior mesenteric artery and vein

A

Uncinate process

95
Q

A pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure) is made up of what three portions?

-Duodenum and head of pancreas are removed

A
  1. ) Gastrojejunostomy
  2. ) Pancreaticujejunostomy
  3. ) Hepaticojejunostomy
96
Q

The left and right hepatic ducts form the common hepatic duct which joins with the cystic duct from the gall bladder to form the

A

Common bile duct

97
Q

Occlusions of the cystic duct which cause extreme pain following meals

A

Gall Stones

98
Q

Formed by the cystic duct, common hepatic duct, and liver

-Cystic artery courses right through the middle

A

Hepatocystic triangle

99
Q

Fracture of the left 9th, 10th, or 11th rib can lacerate the

100
Q

Located in the upper left quadrant and has a feathery appearance under barium contrast

101
Q

Located in the lower right quadrant and has a solid appearance under barium contrast

102
Q

If the splenic flexure can be seen on imaging at the same level or lower than the hepatic flexure than there is likely

A

Spleen enlargement

Structure and Function Test 1 (61 decks)

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