TEST #3 Breast Flashcards
What are the common symptoms of Breast disease?
- Pain
- Palpable masses
- Nipple discharge
When do you start screening women with mammography and why?
-around 40 yrs old because younger women have denser breast tissue making it difficult to identify a mass
What can acute mastitis cause?
-Breast abscesses and necrosis
Who is acute mastitis typically associated with?
-Women who are breast feeding
What can cause acute mastitis?
-Plugged ducts and can be infectious or non-infectous
What is fat necrosis usually associated with?
-Trauma from a seat belt during an accident
What are some breast diseases that can mimic cancer?
- Acute mastitis
- Fat necrosis
- Breast cysts
What do mammographies detect?
-Density
Mammograms can show _______ distortions and identifies _______?
- Architectural
- Calcification
What percent of breast cancers that are not detected by mammography can be detected by palpitation?
10%
T/F mammograms are 85-90% predictive
True
What are fibrocystic changes seen in breast cysts?
- Fibrosis
- Cysts
- Palpable changes that can make detection of breast cancer difficult
T/f You have a higher risk of breast cancer in the aggressively proliferative breast cysts
True
What age do breast cysts usually occur?
20-40 yrs
T/F Breast cysts typically occur after menopause
False
-Do not typically occur after menopause
What are the most common benign breast neoplasms?
-Fibroadenomas
Fibroadenomas are not typically removed unless what?
-They are uncomfortable
T/F Breast carcinomas are common before age 25
False
-They rarely occur before 25
What type of societies do you see most breast carcinomas?
-Affluent societies with no regard of race suggesting that it is mostly caused by the environment
Bye the age of 70 yrs old what is the incidence of breast carcinoma?
-30%
What is the fatality of breast carcinomas?
1 out of 9
What percent of Breast carcinomas are inherited?
-5-10%
What are the most common inherited genes correlated with breast carcinomas?
-BRCA 1 and 2 (Single strong gene factor)
What is the familial tendency risk for breast carcinomas?
20-30%
What does family tendency mean for breast carcinomas?
Not a single strong gene but a pattern of occurrence in family
What percent of breast carcinomas are sporadic?
70-80%
How many cases of new breast cancers in U.S/yr?
-250000
What are environmental factors that can lead to a higher risk of breast cancers?
- Diet high in animal fat
- Obesity
- Delayed first pregnancy
What are they symptoms of breast cancers?
- Pain
- Masses
- Swollen pitted surface and enlarged axillary lymph nodes
What is a pitted surface in breast cancer known as?
Peau d’orange
How are masses in breast cancer assessed?
- Palpitation
- Mammography
- Ultrasound
- MRI
- Tissue biopsy
What is the prognosis of breast cancer based on?
- Size
- Axillary node status
- Distant metastasis
If you have stage 0 (early stage) breast cancer what is your 5 yr survival rate?
-92%
If you have stage IV (late stage) Breast cancer what is your 5 yr survival rate?
-13%
If the tumor expresses estrogen/progesterone receptors, it often responds to what type of treatment?
-Hormonal
What is the most common type of breast cancer?
-Invasive carcinoma (75-85%)
T/F Most types of breast cancer are adenocarcinomas
True
Where do the adenocarcinomas in breast cancer originate from?
-Epithelial cells in the terminal ducts
What do you do to remove smaller breast cancer masses?
-Lumpectomies
What percent of women have microscopic cysts associated with epithelial tissue?
60%
In benign epithelial lesions associated with the breast what type of changes do you typically see?
-Fibrotic changes
