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Human disease and therapeutics 2020 > Autonomics lecture 2 > Flashcards

Autonomics lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are examples of cholinesterase inhibitors?

A
  • Donepezil
  • Bethanechol
  • Pilocarpine
  • Nicotine
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2
Q

What is the indication of bethanechol?

A

Treat urinary retention by increasing urine output

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3
Q

What is the indication of Pilocarpine?

A

-Treat glaucoma

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4
Q

What is angle-closure glaucoma caused by?

A

-Blocked drainage resulting in a sudden rise in intraocular pressure

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5
Q

What is the indication of succinylcholine?

A

-Used to relax muscles (surgery)

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6
Q

What is the indication of Mecamylamine?

A
  • Ganglionic blocker

- used to treat hypertension

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7
Q

What is the indication of Carbachol (Miostat)?

A

-Used to treat glaucoma

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8
Q

What is the indication of Edrophonium?

A

-Reversible acteyl-cholinesterase inhibitor

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9
Q

What are some examples of antimuscarinic agents?

A
  • Atropine

- Scopolamine

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10
Q

What can you use Atropine and scopolamine used for?

A
  • Parkinson’s disease
  • Motion sickness
  • COPD
  • Urinary urgency
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11
Q

What are the effects of antimuscarinic agents such as atropine and scopolamine?

A
  • Dry mouth
  • Constipation
  • Blurred vision
  • Sedation
  • Urinary retention
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12
Q

What does a cholinesterase inhibitor do?

A

inhibits the break down of ACh causing an increase in the amount and duration of ACh acting

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13
Q

What does pralidoxime do?

A

-Organophosphate poisoning

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14
Q

What type of drug is glycopyrrolate (Robinul)?

A

-Anticholinergic drug

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15
Q

What type of drug is Benztropine mesylate (Cogentin)?

A

-Anticholinergic drug

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16
Q

What type of drug is Propantheline bromide?

A

-Anticholinergic drug

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17
Q

What does propantheline bromide treat?

A

-Traveler’s diarrhea

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18
Q

What does Trihyxphenidyl HCl treat?

A

-Anti-parkinsonism

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19
Q

What are agonists for alpha 1 receptors in the sympathetic nervous system?

A
  • epinephrine greater than norepinephrine

- Phenylephrine

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20
Q

What tissues do you find alpha 1 sympathetic nervous system?

A
  • Radial muscle of iris
  • Genitourinary and G.I sphincters
  • Vasculature
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21
Q

What is the response of an activated alpha 1 receptor on the radial muscle of iris?

A

-Contract

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22
Q

What is the response of an activated alpha 1 receptor on the genitorurinary and GI sphincters?

A

-Constrict

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23
Q

What is the response of an activated alpha 1 receptor on the vasculature?

A

-Constrict

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24
Q

What are the antagonists of alpha 1 receptors?

A
  • Prazosin

- Terazosin

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25
Q

What are the agonists for the alpha 2 receptors?

A
  • Epinephrine greater than norepinephrine
  • Clonidine
  • Guanfacine
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26
Q

What tissues do you find alpha 2 receptors in?

A
  • Vasculature
  • NE terminals
  • Brainstem
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27
Q

What is the response of an activated alpha 2 receptor in the vasculature?

A

-Constrict

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28
Q

What is the response of an activated alpha 2 receptor in the NE terminals?

A

-Decrease NE release

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29
Q

What is the response of an activated alpha 2 receptor in the brainstem?

A

-Decrease NE release

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30
Q

What is an alpha 2 antagonist?

A

-Yohimbine

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31
Q

What are the agonist for Beta 1 receptors?

A
  • Epinephrine = Norepinephrine
  • Isoproterenol
  • Dobutamine
32
Q

What are the antagonist for beta 1 receptors?

A
  • Propranolol
  • atenolol
  • metoprolol
33
Q

What tissues do you find Beta 1 receptors on?

A
  • SA node
  • Atria
  • AV node
  • His-purkinje system
  • Ventricles
34
Q

What are the agonists for Beta 2 receptors?

A
  • Epinephrine greater than Norepinephrine
  • Isoproterenol
  • albuterol
  • terbutaline
35
Q

What tissues do you find beta 2 receptors on?

A
  • ciliary muscle
  • vascular
  • lungs
  • urinary bladder
  • uterine wall
36
Q

What is a beta 2 antagonist?

A

-Propranolol

37
Q

What are the responses of an activated Beta 1 receptor on the SA node?

A

-Increase heart rate

38
Q

What are the responses of an activated Beta 1 receptor on the atria?

A

-Increase conduction velocity and contractility

39
Q

What are the responses of an activated Beta 1 receptor on the AV node system?

A

-Increase automaticity and conduction velocity

40
Q

What are the responses of an activated Beta 1 receptor on the His-Purkinje system?

A

-Increased automaticity and conduction velocity

41
Q

What are the responses of an activated Beta 1 receptor on the Ventricles?

A

-Increased automaticity, conduction velocity and contractility

42
Q

What are the responses of an activated beta 2 receptor on the ciliary muscle?

A

-Relaxation for far vision

43
Q

What is the response of an activated Beta 2 receptor on the vascular?

A

-Relaxation, especially skeletal muscle (vasodilate)

44
Q

What is the response of an activated Beta 2 receptor on the lungs?

A

-Relaxation

45
Q

What is the response of an activated Beta 2 receptor on the urinary bladder?

A

-Relaxation

46
Q

If you see olol at the end of a drug what type is it?

A

-Beta blocker

47
Q

Where do you find Beta 3 receptors?

A

-Adipose tissue

48
Q

In the eye what receptor do you find in the iris circular muscle?

A

-Muscarinic (parasympathetic)

49
Q

In they eye what receptor do you find in the iris radial muscle?

A

-alpha 1 (Sympathetic)

50
Q

In the heart what receptors do you find in the SA node?

A

-Beta 1, Beta 2, and Muscarinic

51
Q

In the heart what receptors do you find in the ectopic pacemakers?

A

-Beta1, Beta 2

52
Q

In blood vessels what receptors do you find in the skeletal muscle vessels?

A

-Beta 2

53
Q

In blood vessels what receptors do you find in the Skin, splanchnic vessels?

A

-Alpha 1

54
Q

What type of receptors do you find in the Bronchiolar smooth muscle?

A
  • Beta 2 (symp)

- Muscarinic (para)

55
Q

What type of salivary secretions do you get when you activate alpha 1 receptors?

A

-Viscous secretions

56
Q

What type of salivary secretions do you get when you activate muscarinic receptors?

A

-Watery secretions

57
Q

In the kidney DA is released from where?

A

-Sympathetic nerve terminals

58
Q

At high doses DA also activates what receptors?

A

-Alpha and Beta

59
Q

For a D1 receptor what is the agonist?

A
  • DA

- Fenoldapam

60
Q

What tissues do you find D1 receptors?

A
  • Kidney
  • Vasculature/heart
  • CNS
61
Q

What are the responses of an activated D1 receptor in the kidney?

A

-Increase renal blood flow, GFR and sodium excretion

62
Q

What are the responses of an activated D1 receptor in the vasculature/heart?

A

-Vasodilation in renal, cerebral, cardiac and mesenteric vasculature

63
Q

What is the agonist for a D2 receptor?

A

-DA

64
Q

What tissues do you find D2 receptors?

A
  • Post ganglionic sympathetic nerve terminals
  • Chemoreceptor trigger zone
  • CNS
65
Q

What is the response of an activated D2 receptor in the post-ganglionic sympathetic nerve terminals?

A

-Decrease neurotransmitter release

66
Q

What is the response of an activated D2 receptor in the chemoreceptor trigger zone?

A

-Nausea and vomiting

67
Q

What is a D2 antagonist?

A

-Haloperidol

68
Q

What does a + chronotropic effect mean?

A

-Increase HR

69
Q

What type of effect is increasing strength of contraction?

A

-Ionotropic effect

70
Q

What does epinephrine do to the respiratory system?

A

-Relaxes smooth muscle of airways, so dilates the bronchioles

71
Q

What does epinephrine do to the eye?

A

-Dilates pupil (radial constricts) (alpha 1 receptor)

72
Q

What receptor is responsible contracting bladder sphincter?

A

-Alpha 1

73
Q

What is the most common type of glaucoma?

A

-open-angle glaucoma

74
Q

What is the cause of open-angle glaucoma?

A

-An imbalance in the production and drainage of the clear fluid that fills the eyes anterior chamber

75
Q

What are the side effects of epinephrine on the cardiac system?

A
  • Increased HR
  • Palpitations
  • Arrhythmias
  • Anginal pain
76
Q

What are the vascular side effects of epinephrine?

A

-Increased TPR leading to pallor and increased BP

77
Q

What are the respiratory side effects of epinephrine?

A

-Increased TRP can lead to pulmonary edema

Human disease and therapeutics 2020 (60 decks)

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