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Human disease and therapeutics 2020 > Autonomics lecture 2 > Flashcards

Autonomics lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are examples of cholinesterase inhibitors?

A
  • Donepezil
  • Bethanechol
  • Pilocarpine
  • Nicotine
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2
Q

What is the indication of bethanechol?

A

Treat urinary retention by increasing urine output

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3
Q

What is the indication of Pilocarpine?

A

-Treat glaucoma

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4
Q

What is angle-closure glaucoma caused by?

A

-Blocked drainage resulting in a sudden rise in intraocular pressure

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5
Q

What is the indication of succinylcholine?

A

-Used to relax muscles (surgery)

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6
Q

What is the indication of Mecamylamine?

A
  • Ganglionic blocker

- used to treat hypertension

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7
Q

What is the indication of Carbachol (Miostat)?

A

-Used to treat glaucoma

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8
Q

What is the indication of Edrophonium?

A

-Reversible acteyl-cholinesterase inhibitor

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9
Q

What are some examples of antimuscarinic agents?

A
  • Atropine

- Scopolamine

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10
Q

What can you use Atropine and scopolamine used for?

A
  • Parkinson’s disease
  • Motion sickness
  • COPD
  • Urinary urgency
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11
Q

What are the effects of antimuscarinic agents such as atropine and scopolamine?

A
  • Dry mouth
  • Constipation
  • Blurred vision
  • Sedation
  • Urinary retention
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12
Q

What does a cholinesterase inhibitor do?

A

inhibits the break down of ACh causing an increase in the amount and duration of ACh acting

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13
Q

What does pralidoxime do?

A

-Organophosphate poisoning

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14
Q

What type of drug is glycopyrrolate (Robinul)?

A

-Anticholinergic drug

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15
Q

What type of drug is Benztropine mesylate (Cogentin)?

A

-Anticholinergic drug

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16
Q

What type of drug is Propantheline bromide?

A

-Anticholinergic drug

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17
Q

What does propantheline bromide treat?

A

-Traveler’s diarrhea

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18
Q

What does Trihyxphenidyl HCl treat?

A

-Anti-parkinsonism

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19
Q

What are agonists for alpha 1 receptors in the sympathetic nervous system?

A
  • epinephrine greater than norepinephrine

- Phenylephrine

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20
Q

What tissues do you find alpha 1 sympathetic nervous system?

A
  • Radial muscle of iris
  • Genitourinary and G.I sphincters
  • Vasculature
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21
Q

What is the response of an activated alpha 1 receptor on the radial muscle of iris?

A

-Contract

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22
Q

What is the response of an activated alpha 1 receptor on the genitorurinary and GI sphincters?

A

-Constrict

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23
Q

What is the response of an activated alpha 1 receptor on the vasculature?

A

-Constrict

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24
Q

What are the antagonists of alpha 1 receptors?

A
  • Prazosin

- Terazosin

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25
What are the agonists for the alpha 2 receptors?
- Epinephrine greater than norepinephrine - Clonidine - Guanfacine
26
What tissues do you find alpha 2 receptors in?
- Vasculature - NE terminals - Brainstem
27
What is the response of an activated alpha 2 receptor in the vasculature?
-Constrict
28
What is the response of an activated alpha 2 receptor in the NE terminals?
-Decrease NE release
29
What is the response of an activated alpha 2 receptor in the brainstem?
-Decrease NE release
30
What is an alpha 2 antagonist?
-Yohimbine
31
What are the agonist for Beta 1 receptors?
- Epinephrine = Norepinephrine - Isoproterenol - Dobutamine
32
What are the antagonist for beta 1 receptors?
- Propranolol - atenolol - metoprolol
33
What tissues do you find Beta 1 receptors on?
- SA node - Atria - AV node - His-purkinje system - Ventricles
34
What are the agonists for Beta 2 receptors?
- Epinephrine greater than Norepinephrine - Isoproterenol - albuterol - terbutaline
35
What tissues do you find beta 2 receptors on?
- ciliary muscle - vascular - lungs - urinary bladder - uterine wall
36
What is a beta 2 antagonist?
-Propranolol
37
What are the responses of an activated Beta 1 receptor on the SA node?
-Increase heart rate
38
What are the responses of an activated Beta 1 receptor on the atria?
-Increase conduction velocity and contractility
39
What are the responses of an activated Beta 1 receptor on the AV node system?
-Increase automaticity and conduction velocity
40
What are the responses of an activated Beta 1 receptor on the His-Purkinje system?
-Increased automaticity and conduction velocity
41
What are the responses of an activated Beta 1 receptor on the Ventricles?
-Increased automaticity, conduction velocity and contractility
42
What are the responses of an activated beta 2 receptor on the ciliary muscle?
-Relaxation for far vision
43
What is the response of an activated Beta 2 receptor on the vascular?
-Relaxation, especially skeletal muscle (vasodilate)
44
What is the response of an activated Beta 2 receptor on the lungs?
-Relaxation
45
What is the response of an activated Beta 2 receptor on the urinary bladder?
-Relaxation
46
If you see olol at the end of a drug what type is it?
-Beta blocker
47
Where do you find Beta 3 receptors?
-Adipose tissue
48
In the eye what receptor do you find in the iris circular muscle?
-Muscarinic (parasympathetic)
49
In they eye what receptor do you find in the iris radial muscle?
-alpha 1 (Sympathetic)
50
In the heart what receptors do you find in the SA node?
-Beta 1, Beta 2, and Muscarinic
51
In the heart what receptors do you find in the ectopic pacemakers?
-Beta1, Beta 2
52
In blood vessels what receptors do you find in the skeletal muscle vessels?
-Beta 2
53
In blood vessels what receptors do you find in the Skin, splanchnic vessels?
-Alpha 1
54
What type of receptors do you find in the Bronchiolar smooth muscle?
- Beta 2 (symp) | - Muscarinic (para)
55
What type of salivary secretions do you get when you activate alpha 1 receptors?
-Viscous secretions
56
What type of salivary secretions do you get when you activate muscarinic receptors?
-Watery secretions
57
In the kidney DA is released from where?
-Sympathetic nerve terminals
58
At high doses DA also activates what receptors?
-Alpha and Beta
59
For a D1 receptor what is the agonist?
- DA | - Fenoldapam
60
What tissues do you find D1 receptors?
- Kidney - Vasculature/heart - CNS
61
What are the responses of an activated D1 receptor in the kidney?
-Increase renal blood flow, GFR and sodium excretion
62
What are the responses of an activated D1 receptor in the vasculature/heart?
-Vasodilation in renal, cerebral, cardiac and mesenteric vasculature
63
What is the agonist for a D2 receptor?
-DA
64
What tissues do you find D2 receptors?
- Post ganglionic sympathetic nerve terminals - Chemoreceptor trigger zone - CNS
65
What is the response of an activated D2 receptor in the post-ganglionic sympathetic nerve terminals?
-Decrease neurotransmitter release
66
What is the response of an activated D2 receptor in the chemoreceptor trigger zone?
-Nausea and vomiting
67
What is a D2 antagonist?
-Haloperidol
68
What does a + chronotropic effect mean?
-Increase HR
69
What type of effect is increasing strength of contraction?
-Ionotropic effect
70
What does epinephrine do to the respiratory system?
-Relaxes smooth muscle of airways, so dilates the bronchioles
71
What does epinephrine do to the eye?
-Dilates pupil (radial constricts) (alpha 1 receptor)
72
What receptor is responsible contracting bladder sphincter?
-Alpha 1
73
What is the most common type of glaucoma?
-open-angle glaucoma
74
What is the cause of open-angle glaucoma?
-An imbalance in the production and drainage of the clear fluid that fills the eyes anterior chamber
75
What are the side effects of epinephrine on the cardiac system?
- Increased HR - Palpitations - Arrhythmias - Anginal pain
76
What are the vascular side effects of epinephrine?
-Increased TPR leading to pallor and increased BP
77
What are the respiratory side effects of epinephrine?
-Increased TRP can lead to pulmonary edema

Human disease and therapeutics 2020 (60 decks)

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