Hormone replacement treatment for lactation, pregnancy and delivery TEST #3 Flashcards

1
Q

T/F Natural estrogens are not considered steroid hormones because they are natural

A

False

-They are steroid hormones

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2
Q

T/F Synthesized estrogens may be non-steroidal or steroidal

A

True

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3
Q

What are the stages of the menstrual cycle?

A
  • Menstrual stage
  • Follicular stage
  • Luteal stage
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4
Q

T/F As populations age, they spend more time in menopause and andropause

A

True

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5
Q

What are three natural estrogens?

A
  • Estrone E1
  • Estradiol E2
  • Estratriol E3
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6
Q

What natural estrogen is predominant during menopause?

A

E1 Estrone

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7
Q

What natural estrogen is predominant during productive years?

A

E2 Estradiol

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8
Q

What natural estrogen is predominant during pregnancy?

A

-E3 Estratriol

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9
Q

What are Synthetic estrogens?

A
  • Ethinyl estradiol

- Diethylstilbesterol

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10
Q

Which synthetic estrogen is non-steroidal?

A

-Diethylstilbesterol

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11
Q

Which synthetic estrogen is steroidal?

A

-Ethinyl estradiol

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12
Q

What are the physiological functions of Estrogen?

A
  • Sexual maturity
  • Increased CNS excitability
  • Increased endometrial and uterine growth
  • Maintain skin elasticity
  • Reduce bone adsorption
  • Increase blood coagulability
  • Alters plasma lipids-increases HDL and TGC and reduces LDL
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13
Q

What are the main clinical uses for estrogen?

A
  • Treat primary hypogonadism

- Postmenopausal problems

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14
Q

What are the guidelines for use with estrogen?

A
  • Always use the smallest dose for the shortest period of time possible
  • Sometimes local creams are preferred to minimize exposure
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15
Q

What are the adverse effects of estrogens?

A
  • Postmenopausal bleeding
  • Nausea
  • Breast tenderness
  • Migraines
  • Hypertension
  • Hyperpigmentation
  • Increase some cancers
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16
Q

When is the use of estrogens contraindicated?

A
  • Liver disease (slows metabolism)
  • Breast/endometrial cancers
  • Thrombolytic disorders
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17
Q

What are progestins mad from?

A

-Cholesterol

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18
Q

T/F Progestins are found in both males and females

A

True

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19
Q

What is the most important progestin in humans?

A

-Progesterone

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20
Q

What is progesterone a precurosr to?

A
  • Estrogen
  • Androgen
  • Adrenocortical steroids such as Cortisol
  • Testosterone
  • Estradiol
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21
Q

What is the predominant hormone during the luteal phase?

A

-Progesterone

22
Q

What are synthetic progestins?

A
  • Medroxyprogesterone

- Norgestimate

23
Q

What is the half life of progestins?

A

-5 minutes

24
Q

What are the effects of progestins?

A
  • Increase fat deposition
  • Decrease CNS excitability
  • Increased aldosterone which increases Na+ retention
  • Increase BP
  • Increase body temperature
25
Q

Which hormone decreases CNS excitability?

A

-Progestins

26
Q

What are the clinical uses for progestins?

A
  • Replacement therapy
  • Oral contraception
  • Long-term ovarian suppression
27
Q

What are the contraindications of using a progestin?

A
  • Breast cancer is a risk

- Sever hypertension or heart disease is a risk

28
Q

What combination therapy do you use for contraception?

A

-Progesterone + estrogen

29
Q

When using a combination contraceptive what does that do to ovulation and conception and implantation?

A

-Decrease

30
Q

THe combination contraceptive decrease ovulation at what percent?

A

-Nearly 100%

31
Q

If using progestin only as a contraceptive what does it decrease ovulation to?

A

50-80%

32
Q

What does progestin do as a contraceptive?

A
  • Thickens mucus and reduces sperm penetration

- Impairs implantation

33
Q

What is the minipill?

A

Progestin only contraceptive

34
Q

What are some combination delivery forms of a contraceptive?

A
  • Monophasics (constant doses of both estrogen and progesterone)
  • Biphasic
  • Triphasic
35
Q

What are the side effects of combination contraceptives?

A
  • Reduced ovarian functions and size
  • Increased breast size and tenderness
  • Increased breast size ad tenderness
  • Increased thrombolytic events
  • Increased HR and BP
  • Hyperpigmentation
  • Mild nausea
  • May interact with antibiotics that disrupt GI normal flora (amoxicilin)
36
Q

T/F Normal absorption of contraceptives from GI system is dependent on normal GI flora

A

True

37
Q

What can contraceptives be used for?

A
  • Contraception
  • Menstrual disorders, irregularity, and heavy discharge
  • Acne
38
Q

What blocks actions of estrogen in breast and is used to treat breast cancers?

A

-Tamoxifen

39
Q

What blocks progesterone and glucocorticoid receptors?

A

-Mifepristone

40
Q

What suppresses ovarian function and has a masculinizing effect?

A

-Danazol

41
Q

What is Clomiphene (Clomid)?

A

-An ovulation inducing agent that is used for promoting fertilization and pregnancy

42
Q

What does testosterone cause?

A

-Male puberty

43
Q

What can testosterone be converted into?

A

-Estradiol

44
Q

Testosterone is used in gynecological disorders to do what?

A

-Reduce breast size (gynecomastia)

45
Q

What can help replace muscle loss because it has protein anabolic effects?

A

-Testosterone

46
Q

What can testosterone do for growth?

A

-Can prematurely close growth plates in growing adolescents

47
Q

What are side effects of testosterone?

A
  • Acne
  • Aggressiveness
  • Roid Rage
  • Masculinizing effects
  • Hepatic dysfunction
  • Prostatic hyperplasia
48
Q

What is the predominant hormone of the follicular stage?

A

-Estrogen

49
Q

T/F THe last 5 days of the follicular stage plus during ovulation are the fertile window

A

True

50
Q

What is a steroid synthesis inhibitor drug?

A

-Ketoconazole that is used to treat prostate carcinoma in men

51
Q

What is oxytocin used for?

A

-Induce/augment labor

52
Q

What is Metoclopramide?

A

-Dopamine D2 receptor antagonist that stimulates prolactin and lactation