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Human disease and therapeutics 2020 > Autonomics lecture 1 > Flashcards

Autonomics lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The autonomic nervous system is comprised of 2 neurons in a chain, what are they?

A
  • Pre-ganglionic

- Post ganglionic

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2
Q

In you ganglion what are all the ACh receptors?

A

-Nicotinic

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3
Q

What type of receptor do you find in the sympathetic portion of sweat glands?

A

-ACh muscarinic

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4
Q

Pre ganglionic cell bodies in the sympathetic nervous system are ______?

A

-Thoracolumbar

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5
Q

Where do axons from the sympathetic nervous system extend to?

A

-pre and para vertebral ganglia (tend to be short)

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6
Q

Where do you find post ganglionic cell bodies?

A

-Para and pre vertebral ganglia

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7
Q

Where to post ganglionic axons extend to?

A

-Effector tissues/organs

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8
Q

Sympathetic pre-ganglionic also innervate adrenal medulla causing the adrenals cells to release what into the bloodstream?

A

-Norepinephrine and epinephrine

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9
Q

In parasympathetic nervous systems the pre-ganglionic cell bodies are what?

A

-Craniosacral

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10
Q

Where do pre-ganglionic axons extend to?

A

-Ganglia located near or in effector tissues/organs

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11
Q

What neurotransmitter is used by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic pre-ganglionic fibers?

A

-ACh

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12
Q

ACh acts through what receptors located on post- ganglionic fibers?

A

-Nicotinic receptors

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13
Q

T/F Drugs that alter ACh levels affect both the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems

A

True

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14
Q

Motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle also cat via what receptors?

A

-Nicotinic receptors

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15
Q

What do post ganglionic sympathetic use for neurotransmitters?

A
  • DA
  • NE
  • EPI
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16
Q

What does DA activate?

A

-D1

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17
Q

Post ganglionic parasympathetic use what for a neurotransmitter?

A

-ACh

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18
Q

What does ACh act on in post ganglionic effector tissues and somatic muscles?

A
  • -Muscarinic in effector

- Nicotinic in somatic muscles

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19
Q

Where do you find M1 receptors?

A

-Stomach

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20
Q

What is the agonist for M1, M2, and M3 receptors?

A
  • ACh
  • Bethanechol
  • Pilocarpine
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21
Q

What is the response from an M1 receptor?

A

-Increase acid secretion

22
Q

What are the antagonists for M1, M2, and M3 receptors?

A
  • Atropine

- scopalamine

23
Q

What do M2 receptors act on?

A
  • Sinoatrial node
  • Atria
  • AV node
  • Centricle
24
Q

What are the responses from M2 receptors?

A
  • Decrease HR
  • Decrease AP duration and contractility
  • Decrease conduction velocity
  • Decrease Contractility
25
Q

What does M3 act on?

A
  • GI smooth muscle

- Secretory glands

26
Q

What are the responses for M3 receptors?

A
  • Contract

- Increase secretions

27
Q

What are the receptors for the parasympahetic nervous system?

A
  • M (muscarinic)

- N (nicotinic)

28
Q

What is the agonist for Nm and Nn receptors?

A

-ACh

29
Q

What is the antagonist for Nm?

A
  • Succinylcholine

- Tubocurarine

30
Q

What is the antagonist for Nn?

A
  • Mecamylamine

- Trimethaphan

31
Q

What tissues do Nm receptors act on?

A

-Neuromuscluar junction

32
Q

What tissues do Nn receptors act on?

A
  • Autonomic ganglia
  • Adrenal medulla
  • CNS
33
Q

What are the two classes of nueromuscular blockers?

A
  • Depolarizing (Succinylcholine)

- Non-depolarizing (Tubocurare)

34
Q

What does Tubocurare do?

A

-Competes with ACh at nicotinic receptors

35
Q

What does succinylcholine do?

A

-Act as a nicotinic agonist and depolarizes/desensitizes the neuromuscular endplate making the neuron unresponsive to another ACh challenge

36
Q

What does a block of AChE do?

A
  • Affect both parasympathetic and sympathetic systems
  • Affects tissues innervated by post-ganglionic fibers
  • Affects signaling at the neuromuscular junction
37
Q

If you have an increase in ACh what happens to you heart?

A

-Decrease HR

38
Q

What is Sarin?

A

-A cholinesterase inhibitor (causes an increase in ACh)

39
Q

What does an increase in ACh do to salivation?

A

-Increase

40
Q

What does and increase in ACh do to eyes?

A
  • Makes them watery

- blurred vision (dilated pupils)

41
Q

What does an increase in ACh do to sweating?

A

-Increase sweating

42
Q

What does an increase in ACh do to the GI?

A

-Give you diarrhea

43
Q

What is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has a short duration of action and is used for glaucoma, and is an antidote for atropine?

A

-Physostigmine

44
Q

What does physostigmine do?

A
  • It is a short duration
  • Used for glaucoma
  • Antidote for atropine
45
Q

What is Donepezil (aricept)?

A

-Cholinesterase inhibitors

46
Q

What does Donepezil (aricept) to?

A
  • Extended duration of actions

- Used to treat Alzheimer’s

47
Q

What does Botulinim toxin do?

A
  • Prevents release of ACh
  • Relax intraocular muscles
  • Treats muscle dystonia (spasms)
  • Remove wrinkles
48
Q

What are cholinergic agents used in dentistry?

A
  • Cevimelin (Evoxac)

- PIlocarpine (salagen)

49
Q

What is Cevimeline used for?

A

-Treat xerostomia in Sjogren’s syndrome

50
Q

What is Pilocarpine used for?

A

-Used to treat xerostomia after radiotherapy

Human disease and therapeutics 2020 (60 decks)

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