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Human disease and therapeutics 2020 > Platelets, coagulation and bleeding > Flashcards

Platelets, coagulation and bleeding Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components primary hemostasis?

A

-Platelets

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2
Q

What are the components of secondary hemostasis?

A

-Coagulation cascade-fibrin formation

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3
Q

What converts fibrinogen (Soluble) to fibrin (insoluble)?

A

-Thrombin

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4
Q

What is the intrinsic pathway measured by?

A

-PTT (Patrial thromboplastin time)

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5
Q

What are vitamin K-dependent factors?

A
  • II
  • VII
  • XI
  • X
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6
Q

What is a normal PTT?

A

25-35 seconds

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7
Q

What does PT (Prothrombin Time) measure?

A

-Extrinsic pathway

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8
Q

What is a normal PT?

A

11-13.5 seconds

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9
Q

What are the features of platelets?

A
  • Anucleated
  • 10 day lifespan
  • Circulating platelets do not adhere it is during stasis adhesion occurs
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10
Q

How id primary hemostasis initiated?

A

-Injury

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11
Q

In primary hemostasis adherence to subendothelium occurs by interaction with what?

A

-Von Willebrand factor (Carrier for factor VIII)

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12
Q

Secondary hemostasis factors are mostly from where?

A

-Liver

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13
Q

What are the factors in the intrinsic pathway?

A
  • XII
  • XI
  • IX
  • VII
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14
Q

What are extrinsic pathway factors?

A
  • VII

- IX

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15
Q

What are common pathway factors?

A
  • X
  • V
  • II
  • Fibrin production
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16
Q

What tests are used to measure the common pathway?

A

PT and PTT

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17
Q

What do fibrin and platelet aggregates form?

A

-Stable clot

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18
Q

What are the vitamin K dependent factors necessary for?

A

-Calcium binding sites activating coagulation cascade

19
Q

What are natural anticoagulants?

A

-Protein C

20
Q

What is Fibrinolysis?

A

-Break down clot

21
Q

What do you do when assessing hemostasis?

A
  • Platelet count
  • Coagulation cascade
  • Prolonged coagulation tests
22
Q

What causes Thrombotic disorders?

A

-Virchow’s triad

23
Q

What is Virchow’s triad?

A
  • Endothelial injury
  • Abnormal blood flow
  • Hypercoagulability
24
Q

What are some causes of bleeding disorders?

A
  • Abnormal vessels
  • Decreased platelets/dysfunction
  • Abnormal factors
25
What is mucocutaneous bleeding?
-Petechiae on mucosal surfaces (Platelet type bleeding)
26
What are causes of platelet type bleeding?
- Thrombocytopenia | - Von Willebrand disease (helps with adhesion)
27
What are the causes of Thrombocytopenia?
- Decreased bone marrow production - Hemodilution due to multiple transfusion - Immune reaction due to platelet autoantibodies directed at platelet surface proteins
28
What are the clinical presentations of thrombocytopenia?
- Platelet counts lower than 10-20,000 (result in spontaneous bleeding) - Anti-platelet drugs such as aspirin
29
What does Thrombocytopenia purpura include?
- Fever - Renal failure - Transient neurological deficits - Microangiopathetic hemolytic anemia
30
What is the most common of the inherited blood-clotting disorders?
-Von Willebrand
31
What does Von Willebrand factor not bind properly to in VWD?
-factor VIII
32
If vWF doesn't bind properly to factor VIII what occurs?
-Platelet adhesion doesn't work very good
33
What is Hemophilia A?
-Deficient factor VIII
34
Who is hemophilia B more likely in?
Males under 25 because of X linked recessive trait
35
What are some acquired abnormalities in coagulation factors?
- Liver disease | - Vitamin K deficiency
36
What does liver disease and Vitamin K deficiency do to the PT and PTT?
-Increase both
37
What is a generalized secondary activation of clotting due to disseminated factors such as toxins, inflammation, and cancers?
-Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
38
What can Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation cause?
-Both ischemia because of increased clotting as well as bleeding due to increased activation of fibrolysis
39
What is the pathologic counterpart of hemostasis?
-Thrombosis
40
What are acquired hypercoagulable states?
- Surgery/trauma - Limb immobilization - Bedridden - Long-distance air travel - Pregnancy - Oral contraceptives
41
What is an example of genetic thrombotic disorder?
-Factor V Leiden
42
What is the most common inherited thrombophilia and is associated with increased fibrin formation?
-Factor V Leiden
43
What is Caisson disease caused by?
-Air embolism blocking blood flow

Human disease and therapeutics 2020 (60 decks)

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