Circulatory disorders TEST 2 Flashcards
What is edema?
-To much extravascular fluid in tissues
What is effusion?
-Too much fluid in a body cavity
What are thrombi or emboli?
-Clots or other material that block flow
What is dependent edema?
-Fluid accumulates in the lower part of the body
What are common causes of edema?
- Hormonal fluid retention
- Heart failure
- Inflammation
What is pulmonary edema?
-Pink extracellular fluid fills alveolar spaces and can cause fatal loss of lung gas exchange
What is a common cause of pulmonary edema?
-Heart failure
What is ascites?
-Massive peritoneal space fluid in liver failure
What can cause embolisms?
- Foreign material
- Amniotic fluid
- Air
What are three common causes of hypotension/shock?
- Hypovolemic
- Cardiogenic
- Septic shock
What is hypovolemic shock?
-Low blood volume from bleeding or dehydration
What is cardiogenic shock?
-Heart infarct or failure, arrhythmia, or pulmonary emboli
What causes septic shock?
-Generalized infection and endotoxin release that is associated with vasodilation and the body’s attempt to compensate
What is congestive heart failure?
-Cardiac output insufficient for metabolic needs of the body?
What does the body do to compensate for congestive heart failure?
- Tachycardia
- Cardiohypertrophy
- Increase in stroke volume
- Increase catecholamine activity
- Redistribution of blood flow
What does the increase catecholamine activity in congestive heart failure lead to?
-positive ionotropic effect
What causes left sided heart failure?
–Ischemic heart disease
What do you see with left sided heart failure?
- Hypertension
- Pulmonary edema and breathing problems
- Orthopnea (dyspnea lying down)
- Reduced blood perfusion to organs such as kidneys
What do you see with right sided heart failure?
- Lung disease
- Hepatomegaly (pools in liver)
- Usually associated with left side failure
- Swollen ankles/peripheral edema (systemic edema because the fluid is backed up)
- Hyperemia
What is Cor pulmonale?
- It is associated with right sided heart failure
- Abnormal enlargement of right side of the heart
