Dermal Pathology Flashcards
1
Q
What cell types do you see in the skin?
A
- Squamous cells
- Basal cells
- Melanocytes
2
Q
What type of gland is a sweat gland, that is milky with odors and located near hair follicles?
A
-Apocrine gland
3
Q
What type of gland is a sweat gland and is water for thermo control and is widely distrubuted?
A
-Eccrine gland
4
Q
What type of gland secretes oily sebum for lubrication and also helps prevent water loss?
A
-Sebaceous
5
Q
what is Flat and circumscribed less than 5 mm?
A
macule
6
Q
Elevated dome or flat topped Less than 5 mm
A
papule
7
Q
Elevated dome greater than 5 mm
A
nodule
8
Q
Elevated flat-topped lesion greater than 5 mm
A
plaque
9
Q
Thickened skin due to repeated rubbing
A
lichenification
10
Q
Discrete, pus filled raised lesion
A
pustule
11
Q
Dry plate like excrescence with imperfect cornification
A
scale
12
Q
Fluid filled raised area less than 5 mm
A
vesicle
13
Q
Loss of intercellular adhesion keratinocytes
A
acantholysis
14
Q
T/F in Acantholysis the epidermis falls apart and sloughs off
A
True
15
Q
Traumatic breakage of the skin
A
excoriation
16
Q
Fluid filled raised area greater than 5 mm
A
bulla
17
Q
what is characterized by abnormal keratization that is deeper in epidermis than normal?
A
dyskeratosis
18
Q
Hyperplasia of stratum corneum
A
hyperkeratosis
19
Q
Intercellular edema of epidermis
A
spongiosis
20
Q
Surface elevation caused by hyperplasia
A
papillomatosis
21
Q
Fluid filled sac lined with true epithelium
A
cyst
22
Q
Chronic inflammatory lesion consisting of granulation tissue
A
granuloma
23
Q
Acute inflammatory lesion with pus, surrounded by a fibrous wall
A
abscess
24
Q
Acute diffuse swelling along fascial planes separating muscle bundles
A
cellulitis
25
Define Calor?
-Warm
26
Define Tumor?
-Swelling
27
Define Rubor?
-Reddening
28
Define Dolor?
-Painful
29
Define Funcio laesa?
-Lost function
30
Define Uticaria (hives)?
-associated with mast cell degranulation and resulting swelling, redness and itching
31
What is Uticaria?
-Hypersensitivity mediated by antigens
32
What are some antigens that can cause urticria?
- Pollen
- Food
- Drugs
- Mediated by IgE
33
How do you treat Urticaria?
- Antihistamine
| - Steroids
34
T/F Urticaria is a chronic inflammatory response
False
| -Acute inflammatory
35
What is the most common eczematous dermatitis?
-Contact dermatitis
36
T/F Eczematous dermatitis is a delayed hypersensitivity reaction
True
37
What do you see with eczematous dermatitis?
- Pruritic
| - Edematous or oozing plaques/vesicles
38
What can cause eczematous dermatitis besides contact dermatitis?
- Drugs
- Reaction to UV
- Irritation chemicals
- Can also be associated with asthma or allergic rhinitis
39
What is allergic contact dermatitis?
-Cellular memory of the reaction so that future contacts cause an increased dermatitis reactions
40
What is erythema multiforma?
- Hypersensitivity to infections and drugs
- Dermal edema
- Can have blisters and necrosis
41
What is a severe life threatening reactions of erythema multiforma known as?
-Stevens Johnson syndrome
42
What can cause Stevens johnson syndrome?
- Reaction to medicines such as sulfonamides or salicylates
| - Can be a reaction to infections such as herpes virus or fungal infections
43
T/F Psoriasis is an acute conditon
False
| -It is chronic
44
What can Psoriasis be accompanied by?
-Increased heart attacks and arthritis
45
What is the treatment for Psoriasis?
- NSAIDS
| - immunosuppressant drugs
46
What are some signs/symptoms of psoriasis?
- Pink to salmon colored plaques
| - Regular acanthosis in epidermis with increased bleeding
47
What is Wickham Striae associated with?
-Lichen planus lace like white markings
48
What does systemic lupus erythematosus on the skin look like?
-Butterfly rash on the face
49
How do you manage systemic lupus erythematosus?
- Manage with NSAIDS
- Steroid
- Autoimmune drugs
50
What are some long term effects that can occur from Systemic lupus erythematosus?
- Blood clots
- Seizures
- Heart attacks
51
What are some environmental factors that can cause systemic lupus erythematosus?
- Drugs
- UV radiation
- Viruses
- Stress
52
Impetigo is an example of infectious dermatosis what do you use to treat it?
-Topical antibiotics such as Tetracycline
53
What is a type of fungal infectious dermatosis?
- Tinea (ring worm)
| - Candida
54
What are some types of viral infectious dermatosis?
- Wart pathology -HPV
| - Verrucae
55
HSV1?
-Oral herpes (cold sores)
56
HSV2?
-Genital herpes
57
If you get trigeminal nerve involvement with Herpes zoster what is a major concern?
-Spread to surrounding tissue such as eye or brain
58
T/F Shingles is contagious
False
| -Not contagious
59
What type of cells do you see with Pemphigus vulgaris?
-Tzanck cells
60
What do you see with pemphigus vulgaris?
- Acanthosis
| - Blister formation
61
T/F Pemphigus vulgaris is autoimmune
True
62
What are opened comodones?
-Blackheads
63
What are closed comodones?
-White heads
64
What drugs can worsen acne?
- steroids
- testosterone
- contraceptives
65
What can cause acne vulgaris?
-Hormone changes that increases testosterone influences
66
In acne vulgaris what do you see with the hair follicle?
- Blocks hair follicle and sebaceous gland
- Proliferation of lining cells and cellular sloughing that forma cellular plug and traps bacteria, celllular debris and sebum
67
If the gland ruptures in acne vulgaris the contents spread to form what?
- Cysts
- Abscesses
- Scaring
68
What is the treatment for acne vulgaris?
- Antibiotics (TTC)
- Keratolytics
- Drying agents
- Vitamin A (Accutane)
- UV exposure
69
What gender and age do you see perioral dermatitis in?
-Young women
70
What can cause perioroal dermatitis?
- Long term steroid use
- Cosmetic use
- Hormonal changes
71
What are four Benign neoplastic skin conditions?
- Seborrhea keratosis
- Actinic keratosis
- Melanocytic nevi
- Dyplastic nevi
72
What does Seborrhea keratosis appear like?
-Coin like plaques that appear stuck on with a tan to dark brown granular surface
73
Can seborrhea keratosis spread?
-Yes
74
What is a pre-malignant skin lesions that is related to UV exposure and appears brown to red with rough scaly texture lesions?
-Actinic keratosis
75
What is a benign neoplasm from melanocytes?
-Melanocytic nevi
76
If you have greater than 10 dyplastic nevi what do you have an increased risk for?
-Melanoma
77
What type of borders do you see with Dyplastic nevi?
- Irregular
| - Assymetric
78
What is the most common type of skin malignancy?
-Basal cell carcinoma
79
What is the second most common type of skin malignancy?
-Squamous cell carcinoma
80
What are the warnings of melanoma?
- Rapid enlargement of nevus
- New pigmented lesion not from pre-existing nevi
- Irregular borders
- Irregular surface and colors
81
What are common sites of metastatic spread for melanoma?
- Lungs
- Liver
- Brain
82
Diffuse epidermal hyperplasia (thicker than normal)
acanthosis
83
what is the presentation with advanced stevens-johnson syndrome?
- can have epidermal necrosis with blisters
| - T cells attack antigen and surrounding cells (basal cells)
84
what is the prevalence of psoriasis in the US?
1-2%
85
what is the cause of psoriasis?
inciting antigen, auto-rejection or environmentally induced
86
what age patient is commonly affected by lichen planus? what location on the body are typically affected?
- middle aged
| - extremities and oral cavity
87
does lichen planus resolve on its own?
yes, on the extremities, but it often persists in the oral cavity
88
lichen planus is characterized by what two things?
hyperkaratosis and epidermal hyperplasia
89
what is the cause of lichen planus?
unknown inciting mechanisms, but hyperreactive T cells may be involved
90
how is pemphigus treated?
steroids
91
what is the presentation of perioral dermatitis?
follicular papules, vesicles, and pustules in the perioral area
92
what is the least aggressive/most common malignancy worldwide?
basal cell carcinoma
93
what can happen if basal cell carcinomas are not removed?
they don't metastasize, but they can be disfiguring and can ulcerate and bleed
94
what is the treatment of basal cell carcinomas?
local excision
95
what is the second most common malignancy worldwide?
squamous cell carcinoma
96
do squamous cell carcinomas metastasize?
no
97
how does squamous cell carcinoma present?
- often as a red scaling ulcerative nodule
- locally aggressive
- can have "keratin pearls" (islands of neoplastic skin cells)
98
what is the least likely malignancy worldwide?
melanoma
99
what is melanoma caused by?
UV exposure and genetics
100
does melanoma metastasize?
yes
101
what is the prognosis of melanoma?
- poor if metastasized
| - good if they are superficial lesions
102
melanoma has a high ___ rate and a lack of immune response to slow spread, especially once it reaches ___
- mitotic
| - lymph nodes
