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Human disease and therapeutics 2020 > Dermal Pathology > Flashcards

Dermal Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What cell types do you see in the skin?

A
  • Squamous cells
  • Basal cells
  • Melanocytes
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2
Q

What type of gland is a sweat gland, that is milky with odors and located near hair follicles?

A

-Apocrine gland

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3
Q

What type of gland is a sweat gland and is water for thermo control and is widely distrubuted?

A

-Eccrine gland

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4
Q

What type of gland secretes oily sebum for lubrication and also helps prevent water loss?

A

-Sebaceous

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5
Q

what is Flat and circumscribed less than 5 mm?

A

macule

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6
Q

Elevated dome or flat topped Less than 5 mm

A

papule

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7
Q

Elevated dome greater than 5 mm

A

nodule

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8
Q

Elevated flat-topped lesion greater than 5 mm

A

plaque

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9
Q

Thickened skin due to repeated rubbing

A

lichenification

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10
Q

Discrete, pus filled raised lesion

A

pustule

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11
Q

Dry plate like excrescence with imperfect cornification

A

scale

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12
Q

Fluid filled raised area less than 5 mm

A

vesicle

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13
Q

Loss of intercellular adhesion keratinocytes

A

acantholysis

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14
Q

T/F in Acantholysis the epidermis falls apart and sloughs off

A

True

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15
Q

Traumatic breakage of the skin

A

excoriation

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16
Q

Fluid filled raised area greater than 5 mm

A

bulla

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17
Q

what is characterized by abnormal keratization that is deeper in epidermis than normal?

A

dyskeratosis

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18
Q

Hyperplasia of stratum corneum

A

hyperkeratosis

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19
Q

Intercellular edema of epidermis

A

spongiosis

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20
Q

Surface elevation caused by hyperplasia

A

papillomatosis

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21
Q

Fluid filled sac lined with true epithelium

A

cyst

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22
Q

Chronic inflammatory lesion consisting of granulation tissue

A

granuloma

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23
Q

Acute inflammatory lesion with pus, surrounded by a fibrous wall

A

abscess

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24
Q

Acute diffuse swelling along fascial planes separating muscle bundles

A

cellulitis

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25
Q

Define Calor?

A

-Warm

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26
Q

Define Tumor?

A

-Swelling

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27
Q

Define Rubor?

A

-Reddening

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28
Q

Define Dolor?

A

-Painful

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29
Q

Define Funcio laesa?

A

-Lost function

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30
Q

Define Uticaria (hives)?

A

-associated with mast cell degranulation and resulting swelling, redness and itching

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31
Q

What is Uticaria?

A

-Hypersensitivity mediated by antigens

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32
Q

What are some antigens that can cause urticria?

A
  • Pollen
  • Food
  • Drugs
  • Mediated by IgE
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33
Q

How do you treat Urticaria?

A
  • Antihistamine

- Steroids

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34
Q

T/F Urticaria is a chronic inflammatory response

A

False

-Acute inflammatory

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35
Q

What is the most common eczematous dermatitis?

A

-Contact dermatitis

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36
Q

T/F Eczematous dermatitis is a delayed hypersensitivity reaction

A

True

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37
Q

What do you see with eczematous dermatitis?

A
  • Pruritic

- Edematous or oozing plaques/vesicles

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38
Q

What can cause eczematous dermatitis besides contact dermatitis?

A
  • Drugs
  • Reaction to UV
  • Irritation chemicals
  • Can also be associated with asthma or allergic rhinitis
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39
Q

What is allergic contact dermatitis?

A

-Cellular memory of the reaction so that future contacts cause an increased dermatitis reactions

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40
Q

What is erythema multiforma?

A
  • Hypersensitivity to infections and drugs
  • Dermal edema
  • Can have blisters and necrosis
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41
Q

What is a severe life threatening reactions of erythema multiforma known as?

A

-Stevens Johnson syndrome

42
Q

What can cause Stevens johnson syndrome?

A
  • Reaction to medicines such as sulfonamides or salicylates

- Can be a reaction to infections such as herpes virus or fungal infections

43
Q

T/F Psoriasis is an acute conditon

A

False

-It is chronic

44
Q

What can Psoriasis be accompanied by?

A

-Increased heart attacks and arthritis

45
Q

What is the treatment for Psoriasis?

A
  • NSAIDS

- immunosuppressant drugs

46
Q

What are some signs/symptoms of psoriasis?

A
  • Pink to salmon colored plaques

- Regular acanthosis in epidermis with increased bleeding

47
Q

What is Wickham Striae associated with?

A

-Lichen planus lace like white markings

48
Q

What does systemic lupus erythematosus on the skin look like?

A

-Butterfly rash on the face

49
Q

How do you manage systemic lupus erythematosus?

A
  • Manage with NSAIDS
  • Steroid
  • Autoimmune drugs
50
Q

What are some long term effects that can occur from Systemic lupus erythematosus?

A
  • Blood clots
  • Seizures
  • Heart attacks
51
Q

What are some environmental factors that can cause systemic lupus erythematosus?

A
  • Drugs
  • UV radiation
  • Viruses
  • Stress
52
Q

Impetigo is an example of infectious dermatosis what do you use to treat it?

A

-Topical antibiotics such as Tetracycline

53
Q

What is a type of fungal infectious dermatosis?

A
  • Tinea (ring worm)

- Candida

54
Q

What are some types of viral infectious dermatosis?

A
  • Wart pathology -HPV

- Verrucae

55
Q

HSV1?

A

-Oral herpes (cold sores)

56
Q

HSV2?

A

-Genital herpes

57
Q

If you get trigeminal nerve involvement with Herpes zoster what is a major concern?

A

-Spread to surrounding tissue such as eye or brain

58
Q

T/F Shingles is contagious

A

False

-Not contagious

59
Q

What type of cells do you see with Pemphigus vulgaris?

A

-Tzanck cells

60
Q

What do you see with pemphigus vulgaris?

A
  • Acanthosis

- Blister formation

61
Q

T/F Pemphigus vulgaris is autoimmune

A

True

62
Q

What are opened comodones?

A

-Blackheads

63
Q

What are closed comodones?

A

-White heads

64
Q

What drugs can worsen acne?

A
  • steroids
  • testosterone
  • contraceptives
65
Q

What can cause acne vulgaris?

A

-Hormone changes that increases testosterone influences

66
Q

In acne vulgaris what do you see with the hair follicle?

A
  • Blocks hair follicle and sebaceous gland
  • Proliferation of lining cells and cellular sloughing that forma cellular plug and traps bacteria, celllular debris and sebum
67
Q

If the gland ruptures in acne vulgaris the contents spread to form what?

A
  • Cysts
  • Abscesses
  • Scaring
68
Q

What is the treatment for acne vulgaris?

A
  • Antibiotics (TTC)
  • Keratolytics
  • Drying agents
  • Vitamin A (Accutane)
  • UV exposure
69
Q

What gender and age do you see perioral dermatitis in?

A

-Young women

70
Q

What can cause perioroal dermatitis?

A
  • Long term steroid use
  • Cosmetic use
  • Hormonal changes
71
Q

What are four Benign neoplastic skin conditions?

A
  • Seborrhea keratosis
  • Actinic keratosis
  • Melanocytic nevi
  • Dyplastic nevi
72
Q

What does Seborrhea keratosis appear like?

A

-Coin like plaques that appear stuck on with a tan to dark brown granular surface

73
Q

Can seborrhea keratosis spread?

A

-Yes

74
Q

What is a pre-malignant skin lesions that is related to UV exposure and appears brown to red with rough scaly texture lesions?

A

-Actinic keratosis

75
Q

What is a benign neoplasm from melanocytes?

A

-Melanocytic nevi

76
Q

If you have greater than 10 dyplastic nevi what do you have an increased risk for?

A

-Melanoma

77
Q

What type of borders do you see with Dyplastic nevi?

A
  • Irregular

- Assymetric

78
Q

What is the most common type of skin malignancy?

A

-Basal cell carcinoma

79
Q

What is the second most common type of skin malignancy?

A

-Squamous cell carcinoma

80
Q

What are the warnings of melanoma?

A
  • Rapid enlargement of nevus
  • New pigmented lesion not from pre-existing nevi
  • Irregular borders
  • Irregular surface and colors
81
Q

What are common sites of metastatic spread for melanoma?

A
  • Lungs
  • Liver
  • Brain
82
Q

Diffuse epidermal hyperplasia (thicker than normal)

A

acanthosis

83
Q

what is the presentation with advanced stevens-johnson syndrome?

A
  • can have epidermal necrosis with blisters

- T cells attack antigen and surrounding cells (basal cells)

84
Q

what is the prevalence of psoriasis in the US?

A

1-2%

85
Q

what is the cause of psoriasis?

A

inciting antigen, auto-rejection or environmentally induced

86
Q

what age patient is commonly affected by lichen planus? what location on the body are typically affected?

A
  • middle aged

- extremities and oral cavity

87
Q

does lichen planus resolve on its own?

A

yes, on the extremities, but it often persists in the oral cavity

88
Q

lichen planus is characterized by what two things?

A

hyperkaratosis and epidermal hyperplasia

89
Q

what is the cause of lichen planus?

A

unknown inciting mechanisms, but hyperreactive T cells may be involved

90
Q

how is pemphigus treated?

A

steroids

91
Q

what is the presentation of perioral dermatitis?

A

follicular papules, vesicles, and pustules in the perioral area

92
Q

what is the least aggressive/most common malignancy worldwide?

A

basal cell carcinoma

93
Q

what can happen if basal cell carcinomas are not removed?

A

they don’t metastasize, but they can be disfiguring and can ulcerate and bleed

94
Q

what is the treatment of basal cell carcinomas?

A

local excision

95
Q

what is the second most common malignancy worldwide?

A

squamous cell carcinoma

96
Q

do squamous cell carcinomas metastasize?

A

no

97
Q

how does squamous cell carcinoma present?

A
  • often as a red scaling ulcerative nodule
  • locally aggressive
  • can have “keratin pearls” (islands of neoplastic skin cells)
98
Q

what is the least likely malignancy worldwide?

A

melanoma

99
Q

what is melanoma caused by?

A

UV exposure and genetics

100
Q

does melanoma metastasize?

A

yes

101
Q

what is the prognosis of melanoma?

A
  • poor if metastasized

- good if they are superficial lesions

102
Q

melanoma has a high ___ rate and a lack of immune response to slow spread, especially once it reaches ___

A
  • mitotic

- lymph nodes

Human disease and therapeutics 2020 (60 decks)

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