Kidney pathology Flashcards
What are the most common causes of chronic kidney disease?
- Diabetes (1st)
- Hypertensive kidney disease
- Chronic glomerulonephritis
What can cause halitosis in kidney disease?
-Uremia
What is nephrotic syndrome?
-Spilling protein into the urine
What do you see with nephrotic syndrome?
- Heavy proteinuria (3.5g or more/ day in urine)
- Edema
- Hypoalbuminemia
- Hyperlipidemia
What is nephritic syndrome?
-Acute renal failure
What do you see with nephritic syndrome?
- Active urine sediment
- Hypertension
- Kidney dysfunction
What do you see with glomerulonephritis?
-Inflammatory injury to the kidney
What is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome is the US?
-Diabetes
What can Chronic renal disease pts have?
- Platelet dysfunction (bleeding)
- Bone abnormaliites (slow bone healing)
- Premature bone loss (Osteoporosis)
- Infectious complications (Due to immunosuppression)
- gingival hyperplasia
What are common symptoms of CRD?
- Heavy proteinuria
- Hematuria
- Inflammatory injury to kidneys (Immune deposits in glomeruli blocks normal blood filtration and reabsorption)
- Glomeruli scarring and damaged function could be sclerotic
What are urinary obstruction symptoms?
- Anuria
- Polyuria
- Bladder distention
- sometimes asymptomatic
If you have complete kidney blockage how long does it take to be irreversible?
-3 weeks
What are the symptoms of kidney stones?
- Renal colic
- Hematuria
- Pyelonephritis
What is the cause of pyelonephritis?
- Due to retrograde spread from cystitis or hematogenous spread
- Common with urinary obstruction, stenosis
- Diabetes
What are the consequences of pyelonephritis?
- Flank pain
- Fever
- 10-20% chronic renal failure
- Kidney scarring
What is the difference between an adenoma or a papillary renal cell carcinoma?
-Adenoma is less than 1.5 cm
What are benign adult renal tumors?
- Adenoma
- Oncocytoma
Who are renal cell carcinomas more common in?
- Males older than 40 and
- smokers
- Analgesic users (NSAIDS)
- Obesity
What is 80-90 % of all renal malignancies?
-Renal cell carcinoma
What are the symptoms of renal cell carcinomas?
- Often asymptomatic
- Hematuria
- Dull flank pain
- Fever
- Fatigue
What is the most common type of renal cell carcinoma?
-Clear cell type
Where are renal cell carcinomas most likely to metastasize to?
- Lungs
- Bone
What is the most common malignant renal tumor in children in the first 3 yrs of life?
-Wilms tumor
What bacteria is the main one that causes bacterial cystitis?
E.coli
