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Human disease and therapeutics 2020 > Adrenal diseases > Flashcards

Adrenal diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Adrenal Medulla make and release?

A

-Catecholamines

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2
Q

What does the adrenal cortex make?

A
  • Steroids such as:
  • Mineralcorticoids
  • Glucocorticoids
  • Sex steroids
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3
Q

What are the features of primary acute (Cortical) insufficiency ?

A
  • Weakness
  • Nausea
  • Hypoatremia
  • Hypotension
  • depression
  • Skin pigmentation
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4
Q

What causes the skin pigmentation in primary acute cortical insufficiency?

A

-Get increase of MSH with the ACTH

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5
Q

Primary Addisons disease is cause by what?

A

-Damage to adrenal cortex and is non-responsive to ACTH

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6
Q

Secondary Addisons disease is caused by what?

A

-Damage to pituitary gland and reduced ACTH, but cortisol release responsive to ACTH administration

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7
Q

What is the cause of Addison’s disease?

A

-Autoimmune

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8
Q

What race and gender is Addison’s disease more common in?

A

-white women

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9
Q

What is secondary adrenocortical insufficiency due to?

A

-Hypothalamic or pituitary problem

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10
Q

What are the features of Secondary adrenocortical insufficiency?

A
  • No hyper pigmentation
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Aldosterone usually normally
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11
Q

What can cause an adrenal crisis?

A

-Massive adrenal hemorrhage causing increased steroid output

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12
Q

What is the relationship between Addison’s disease and infection?

A

-Infection is increased in addison’s disease

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13
Q

What is the relationship between addison’s disease and the adrenals?

A

-The adrenals are reduced

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14
Q

What disease is associated with Hypercortisolism?

A

-Cushing’s disease

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15
Q

T/F Adrenal hypoplasia is a feature of cushing disease

A

False

-Hyperplasia

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16
Q

The adrenals shrink in Cushings disease because of what?

A

-Feedback from hypercortisol

17
Q

What are the symptoms of Cushing disease?

A
  • Moon face
  • Osteoporosis
  • Buffalo hump
  • Obesity
  • THin skin
  • Amenorrhea
  • Muscle weakness
  • Poor wound healing
18
Q

What is the difference between cushing syndrome and cushing disease?

A

-Cushing syndrome the ACTH is low

19
Q

What can Cushing disease look like?

A

-Someone on chronic corticosteroid treatment for chronic major arthritis or other inflammatory diseases

20
Q

What is usually the result of extended use of exogenous (pharmaceutical) steroids such as prednisone?

A

-Secondary adrenocortisol insufficiency

21
Q

In secondary adrenocortisol insufficiency the normal adrenal is suppressed, if treatment is abruptly stopped there is a transient but critical what?

A

-Hypocortisolic reaction

22
Q

What is Primary Hyperaldosteronism referred to as?

A

-Conn Syndrome

23
Q

In Hyperaldosteronism what happens with Na+ and K+?

A
  • Na+ retention

- K+ secretion

24
Q

In hyperaldosteronism what happens with the renin-angiotensin system?

A

-It gets suppressed because there is to much aldosterone

25
Q

What type of hypertension is found in hyperaldosteronism?

A

-Secondary hypertension

26
Q

What percent of Pheochromocytomas are malignant?

A

10%

27
Q

T/F Adrenal cortical carinomas are rare

A

True

28
Q

What is an adrenal medullary tumor?

A

-Pheochromocytoma

29
Q

What does a pheochromocytoma increase?

A

-Secretion of catecholamines

30
Q

What do the effects of pheochromocytoma look like>

A
  • Hypertension
  • Flushing
  • Increased urine catecholamines
31
Q

What diseases are often associated with pheochromocytoma?

A
  • Neurofibromatosis

- Van Hoppel-Lindau

32
Q

What is the cause of Paget’s disease of bone (Osteitis Deformans)?

A

-Unknown but maybe triggered by viral infections

33
Q

What percent of Caucasians have Paget’s disease of bone?

A

-3-4%

34
Q

What age does paget’s disease of bone typically occur?

A

-Older than 40

35
Q

T/F Paget’s disease of bone can cause bone pain and fractures

A

True

36
Q

What does Pagets disease have to do with phosphates?

A

-You have high serum alkaline phosphates

37
Q

What are the common sites of Paget’s disease of bone?

A
  • Vertebrae
  • Skull
  • Long bones
38
Q

What does Paget’s disease of bone do to osteoclastic activity?

A

-Increase with some rebound osteoblastic response

39
Q

What is the second most frequent bone disease after osteoporosis?

A

-Paget’s disease of bone

Human disease and therapeutics 2020 (60 decks)

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