Hemotological pathology

Question 1

What does a leukocyte count include?

Answer 1

-All nucleated hematopoietic cells except red blood cells

Question 2

What is a normal WBC?

Answer 2

3500-10000 cells/microliter

Question 3

What is a normal neutrophil count?

Answer 3

-1800-6700 (55%)

Question 4

What is a normal eosinophil count?

Answer 4

0-570 (3%)

Question 5

What is a normal lymphocyte count?

Answer 5

1400-3900 (35%)

Question 6

What is leukocytosis?

Answer 6

WBC greater than 10,000

Question 7

What are the causes of leukocytosis?

Answer 7

• Chronic infection or inflammation
• Exercise
• Some leukemias

Question 8

What can relative polycythemias due to decrease plasma volume be called?

Answer 8

-Gaisbock Syndrome (# of RBCs stay the same)

Question 9

What is polycythemia vera?

Answer 9

-Primary polycythemia is genetic and due to increased RBCs

Question 10

What is Microcytic anemia?

Answer 10

Less than 80 fluid ounce (measure of cell size/volume)

Question 11

What are some examples of Microcytic anemia?

Answer 11

• Iron deficiency

- Lead poisoning

Question 12

What are the causes of iron deficiency?

Answer 12

• Blood loss
• Poor diet
• Hemorrhaging

Question 13

What is macrocytic anemia?

Answer 13

-Larger than 100 fluid ounce

Question 14

What causes Macrocytic anemia?

Answer 14

• Liver disease
• Drugs
• Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency

Question 15

What do you see with vitamin B12 or folate deficiency?

Answer 15

• Paresthesia
• Weakness
• Dementia
• Pernicious anemia

Question 16

What are some clinical features do you see with iron deficiency anemia?

Answer 16

• Atrophic Glossitis

- Pallor

Question 17

What is Normocytic anemia caused by?

Answer 17

• Aplastic anemia
• Blood loss
• Anemia of chronic diseases

Question 18

What are types of macrocytic anemia?

Answer 18

• Megaloblastic (Vitamin B12/folic acid deficiency)

- Non-megaloblastic (liver disease)

Question 19

What is sickle cell anemia?

Answer 19

-The globin of the molecule is abnormal due to an amino acid substitution

Question 20

What are leukemias?

Answer 20

-Systemically distributed neoplasms of white blood cells

Question 21

What are lymphomas?

Answer 21

-Solid tumors of hematopoietic system/neoplasms of lymphoid tissue

Question 22

With acute myeloid or lymphatic leukemias is there evidence of maturation in blood or marrow?

Answer 22

No

Question 23

What determines if it is acute or chronic leukemia?

Answer 23

-More than 20% of blast cells are immature it is acute

Question 24

What type of leukemia is more responsive to treatment?

Answer 24

-Acute myeloid or lymphatic

Question 25

What is the Philadelphia chromosome associated with?

Answer 25

- Chronic myeloid leukemia | - Abnormal tyrosine kinase

Question 26

What are the types of Lymphomas?

Answer 26

- Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | - Hodgkin lymphoma

Question 27

Which type of lymphoma is mostly curable?

Answer 27

-Hodgkin lymphoma

Question 28

What percent of lymphomas are Hodgkin lymphoma?

Answer 28

10%

Question 29

Reed-Sternberg cells are associated with what?

Answer 29

-Hodgkin lymphoma

Question 30

What types of non-hodgkin lymphomas are not likely curable?

Answer 30

-Indolent

Question 31

What type of non-Hodgkin lymphomas are more treatable?

Answer 31

-Very aggressive

Question 32

What is the survival of Non-Hodgkin lymphomas?

Answer 32

-years to weeks depending on type

Question 33

What do you usually see with lymphomas?

Answer 33

-Enlarged painless lymphadenopathy

Question 34

What is a cancer of plasma cells that arise in bone marrow?

Answer 34

-Multiple myeloma

Question 35

What are Bence-Jones proteins associated with?

Answer 35

-Multiple myeloma