Pulmonary Pharmacology

Question 1

Who is Asthma most prevalent in?

Answer 1

• Children

- Females

Question 2

What are reliever drugs used for in asthma cases?

Answer 2

• Short acting

- Less severe cases

Question 3

What type of drugs are relievers for asthma?

Answer 3

-Beta 2 agonist at a minimum dose and frequency

Question 4

What are examples of reliever drugs used for asthma?

Answer 4

• Albuterol

- Salmeterol

Question 5

What do typical Beta 2 adrenergic agonists end in?

Answer 5

-terol

Question 6

What do corticosteroid drugs typically end in?

Answer 6

-sone

Question 7

What do anti-muscarinic drugs end in?

Answer 7

-pium

Question 8

What do reliever drugs do?

Answer 8

-Rapid bronchodilators

Question 9

If a patient is intolerant of B2 agonists are recommended to use what as a reliever?

Answer 9

-Ipratropium bromide

Question 10

What is the onset and length of the effect of albuterol as a reliever drug for asthma?

Answer 10

• Rapid onset

- 4-6 hr effect

Question 11

What is the onset and length of the effect of salmeterol as a reliever drug for asthma?

Answer 11

• Slower onset

- 12 hrs

Question 12

How do use a controller drug for asthma?

Answer 12

• Take regularly for long-term stable control
• Inhaled
• Must be taken continuously

Question 13

What is the only true rescue inhaler?

Answer 13

Albuterol

Question 14

What is the MOA of reliever drugs used for asthma?

Answer 14

-Directly relax airway smooth muscle

Question 15

What are the side effects of asthma controller drugs?

Answer 15

• Nose bleeds
• Sores in nose, mouth, and tongue that don’t heal
• Oropharngeal candidiasis

Question 16

What are the drugs of choice for moderate to sever asthma?

Answer 16

-Corticosteroids (fluticasone

Question 17

What do you often combine with corticosteroid (controller) asthma drugs?

Answer 17

-Beta 2 agonists

Question 18

What is the MOA for the corticosteroids?

Answer 18

• Not a bronchodilator

- Anti-inflammatory and immune modifier

Question 19

What is a corticosteroid drugs used for asthma?

Answer 19

-Fluticasone (Flovent)

Question 20

Do you use corticosteroid for rescue in asthma?

Answer 20

-No

Question 21

What are methylxanthine drugs used for asthma?

Answer 21

-Theophylline (found in tea)

Question 22

what is the MOA of Methylxanthine drugs?

Answer 22

• Phosphodiesterase inhibitor and increases cAMP

- Relaxes airway smooth muscle

Question 23

What are methylxanthine drugs use for in asthma?

Answer 23

-Monotherapy for mild asthma

Question 24

What do you often combine Methylxanthine drugs with and why?

Answer 24

-Corticosteroids to reduce steroid doses and side effects

Question 25

What does Theophylline (Elixophyllin) do for COPD?

Answer 25

-Improve diaphragmatic fatigue

Question 26

What are some antimuscarinics used in asthma?

Answer 26

-Ipratropium

Question 27

What do antimuscarinics do?

Answer 27

• Reverses contraction of smooth muscle from vagal activity

- Blocks ACh

Question 28

What is usually a backup for beta 2 agonists used for asthma?

Answer 28

-Antimuscarinics

Question 29

T/F Ipratropium is effective for COPD

Answer 29

False

-It is not

Question 30

What are leukotriene modifers drugs used for asthma?

Answer 30

-Montelukast (Singulair)

Question 31

What is Singulair (Montelukast) used for?

Answer 31

-Prophylaxis for pt who have trouble with inhaled therapies

Question 32

What is the MOA for Montelukast?

Answer 32

-Block leukotriene

Question 33

What is especially effective for aspirin-induced asthma?

Answer 33

-Montelukast (singular)

Question 34

What are Mast Cell stabilizer drugs used for asthma?

Answer 34

-Cromolyn

Question 35

What does Cromolyn do?

Answer 35

• Prevention by inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediator such as histamine
• Use before exervise and allergen exposure)

Question 36

What does Omalizumab do?

Answer 36

-Inhibit IgE binding to mast cells

Question 37

When do you use Omalizumab?

Answer 37

• For severe non-responsive asthma

- Very Expensive

Question 38

Asthmatics tend to be mouth breathers, what does that lead to?

Answer 38

-Dry mouth

Question 39

T/F Asthma inhalers irritate mucosa of mouth, especially back of roof of mouth

Answer 39

True

Question 40

What are the causes of COPD?

Answer 40

• Long smoking history
• Exposure to environmental irritants
• Airflow limitations due to progressive, irreversible airway remodeling

Question 41

What drugs do you use to treat COPD?

Answer 41

• Tiotropium bromide (Spireva)
• Salmeterol
• Theophylline with glucocorticoids

Question 42

Does Tiotropium bromide (spireva) cause bronchodilation?

Answer 42

-Yes, it is a longer acting bronchodilator

Question 43

What is the treatment for Influenza?

Answer 43

• Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

- Used for prevention of Influenza A and B

Question 44

What does Oseltamivir do?

Answer 44

-Prevents separation of virus particle from cell receptors stopping viral spread

Question 45

What are the symptoms of allergic reactions?

Answer 45

• Itching
• Hives
• Sneezing
• Wheezing
• Difficulty breathing

Question 46

In allergic reactions what does the release of histamine from mast cells and basophils do?

Answer 46

• Contract pulmonary smooth muscles
• Dilate blood vessels lowering BP
• Increase permeability of vessels
• Increases gastric secretion

Question 47

What antihistamines do you use to treat an allergic reaction?

Answer 47

• Dephnhydramine (Benadryl)

- Chlorpheniramine

Question 48

Why would you use epinephrine in an allergic reaction?

Answer 48

• It is a potent reversal

- Vasoconstricts and reduces fluid in lungs so breathing improves and swelling reduces

Question 49

What is an anti-smoking medication?

Answer 49

• Nicotine replacement therapy

- Buproprion (TTC antidepressant)