Anesthesia lecture 2

Question 1

How are most modern inhaled anesthetics eliminated?

Answer 1

-Ventilation not metabolism

Question 2

What type of pts should you not use halothane in?

Answer 2

-Pts with liver damage

Question 3

What can prolonged exposure to nitrous oxide damage?

Answer 3

-Bone marrow

Question 4

What type of toxicity do you see with prolonged exposure nitrous oxide?

Answer 4

• Hematotoxicity

- Mutagenicity

Question 5

What are the features of non-opioid anesthetics?

Answer 5

• Lipophilic
• Rapid onset
• Termination by redistribution to fat/muscle tissue

Question 6

T/F Non-opioid drugs does not provide complete anesthesia

Answer 6

True

Question 7

What did propofol replace?

Answer 7

-Barbiturates

Question 8

What does propofol do to respiration?

Answer 8

-Depresses it

Question 9

What does propofol do to GABA?

Answer 9

-Increases GABA activity

Question 10

What type of duration does propofol have?

Answer 10

-Short duration

Question 11

How much time does it take propofol to metabolize (Redistribute)?

Answer 11

3-8 minutes

Question 12

T/F Propofol is an analgesic not a hypnotic

Answer 12

False

-Propofol is hypnotic not analgesic

Question 13

What is a short-acting barbiturate that is no longer available due to use in capital punishment?

Answer 13

-Thiopental

Question 14

Does thiopental have analgesia effects?

Answer 14

-No

Question 15

What does thiopental do to respiration?

Answer 15

-Reduced it

Question 16

What type of induction does thiopental have?

Answer 16

-Rapid induction

Question 17

What can barbiturates do to Blood pressure?

Answer 17

-Reduce it

Question 18

What type of drug is Midazolam?

Answer 18

-Benzodiazapene

Question 19

What type of drug is lorazepam?

Answer 19

-Benzodiazapene

Question 20

What type of drug is diazepam?

Answer 20

-Benzodiazepene

Question 21

What are the therapeutic uses of BDZs?

Answer 21

• Pre-operative (oral)
• IV sedation
• Good amnestic
• Not good analgesic

Question 22

Is ketamine a good analgesic?

Answer 22

-Yes

Question 23

Where does ketamine work at?

Answer 23

-NMDA (antagonist) and some DAT inhibition

Question 24

What type of onset does ketamine have?

Answer 24

-Rapid

Question 25

What does ketamine do to CNS blood flow?

Answer 25

-Increases

Question 26

What can a pt experience if given ketamine?

Answer 26

• Unpleasant emergence dreams/nightmares

- Hallucinations

Question 27

What are four non-opioid anesthetics?

Answer 27

• Propofol
• Thiopental
• BDZs
• ketamine

Question 28

How is ketamine associated with depression?

Answer 28

-It might be a fast acting antidepressant

Question 29

What are the different types of skeletal muscle relaxants?

Answer 29

• Neuromuscular blockers
• Excessive neuromuscular nicotine receptor depolarization
• Spasmolytics

Question 30

What are some examples of neuromuscular blockers?

Answer 30

• Rocuronium

- d-tubocurarine

Question 31

What is d-tubocurarine

Answer 31

-Neuromuscular nicotinic receptor antagonist

Question 32

What is the mechanisms of neuromuscular blockers?

Answer 32

-Interfere with transmission at nicotinic receptor of neuromuscular endplate and prevent access of ACh to receptor

Question 33

What can reverse Rocuronium?

Answer 33

-Sugammadex

Question 34

What are different spasmolytic drugs?

Answer 34

• Diazepam
• Baclofen
• Botulinum toxin

Question 35

What does Baclofen work as?

Answer 35

-GABA b agonist

Question 36

What is neostigmine?

Answer 36

-Cholinesterase inhibitor