Drug addiction Flashcards
What causes dependence of a drug?
-Your body adapts and tolerates the drug that can lead to withdrawals from persistent use
What is addiction?
-A disorder of pathologic decision making
All abused substances enhance what?
-Dopamine activity in nucleus accumbens
Besides dopamine what other pathways are involved in substance abuse?
- Glutamate
- GABA
What are the functions of dopamine?
- Reward
- Pleasure
- Euphoria
- Motor function
- Compulsion
- Perserveration
- Decision making
What are the functions of Serotonin?
- Mood
- Memory processing
- Sleep
- Cognition
T/F Drugs that work with dopamine usually also work with serotonin
True
What do amphetamines alter?
-Dendrites and it increases synaptic connections
What do opioids narcotics do to cause dopamine release?
-Activate opioid receptors
What does nicotine do to cause dopamine release?
-Activate nicotinic receptors
What does marijuana do to cause dopamine release?
-Activate cannabinoid receptors
What does caffeine do to cause dopamine release?
-blocks adenosine receptors
What are classic DA uptake blockers?
- Cocaine
- Ritalin
What drugs cause release of DA vesicles and reverse transporters “releasers”?
- Amphetamines
- Methamphetamine
- MDMA (Ecstasy)
- Ephedrine
- “bath salts”
What are the long term consequences for using amphetamines?
-4 fold increase for Parkinson’s disease
What receptors allow you to have euphoria?
-D2 receptors
What is the other term for drug addiction?
-Substance use disorder
What is the last part of the brain to develop?
-Prefrontal cortex
If you smoke before 13 what percent chance do you have of quitting?
-4%
If you begin smoking as an adult what chance do you have of quitting?
-90%
You have overlap of addiction and mental illness but there is a difference in pattern dependent on age, youth are more likely to have what type of disorder?
-Conduct disorder
You have overlap of addiction and mental illness but there is a difference in pattern dependent on age, older adults are more likely to have what type of disorder?
-Depression
What does Cognitive therapy affect?
-Frontal cortex
What does Motivational enhancement therapy affect?
-Orbitofrontal cortex
What does contingency management affect?
-Inhibition control mediated through cortical-amygdala interactions
What is misuse?
-Either not prescribed or clinically inappropriate
What is the addiction cycle?
- Relieve medical condition
- Pt realizes that is cause reinforcing effects (dopamine in brain)
- Induces physical dependence
- Tolerance and withdrawal occur
- Pts may have a substance abuse risk before treatment
- Pts use various strategies to maintain drug supply
What is using drugs for a non medical reason known as?
-Abuse
Where do most drugs that are being abused coming from?
-Family or relatives
What is SBIRT?
- Screening
- Brief interview
- Intervention
- Referral
- Treatment
What does DOPL do?
-Has a database that shows how many previous prescription of drugs they have had
