Diabetes pharmacology Flashcards
What do alpha cells in the pancreas do?
-Secrete Glucagon
What type of molecule is insulin?
-Peptide that is why you cant take it orally because it will be broken down
T/F Insulin is required for all type II DM
False
-Just the more serious Type II DM, but all Type I DM require it
What are the main targets for insulin?
- Liver
- Muscle
- Adipose tissue
What is the most common strength of Insulin?
-U-100
Where are most formulations of Insulin prepared?
- Genetically modified benign E.coli (Humulin)
- Less common is animal insulin
Is Lispro (Humalog) a rapid acting or short acting Insulin?
-Rapid acting
What is the duration of Lispro?
-4 hours
When do you take Humalog (Lispro) (U-100)?
-Immediately before meal
What is a short-acting type of insulin?
-Crystalline zinc
What is the onset of Crystalline zinc insulin?
-30 min with a peak at 2-3 hrs
How long does Crystalline zinc insulin last?
5-8 hrs
Besides Lispro what is another fast acting type of insulin?
-Humulin R
What is an intermediate acting type of Insulin?
-NPH (Neutral protein hagedorn)
What is NPH often mixed with?
-Shorter acting insulins for both immediate insulin and sustained insulin needs
What is the onset and duration of NPH?
- 2-5 hrs
- 4-12 hrs
What are two long acting insulin types?
- Insulin Glargine
- Insulin Determir
What two types of insulin do yo use for background insulin?
- Glargine
- Determir
What are ways to deliver insulin?
- Sub cutaneous injection
- Continuous Sub Cutaneous infusion
What are the side effects of too much insulin?
- Hypoglycemia
- Tachycardia
- Perspiration
- Tremors
- Hunger
- Confusion
- Seizures
- Coma
- Local irritation and subdermal atrophy
What are hypoglycemic drugs used for?
Type II DM
What are insulin secretagogues used for type II DM?
-Sulfonylureas
What is a first generation sulfonylurea?
-Tolbutamide (Orinase)
What are second generation sulfonylureas?
- Glipizide
- Glitinides (Prandin)
