Test #3 Antiinflammatory drugs/ anti-acne drugs/ muscle relaxants Flashcards
What is the goal of NSAIDS?
-Decrease Pain and inflammation
What are the side effects of COX I inhibitors?
- GI
- Bleeding
- Kidney side effects
What are the side effects of COX II inhibitors?
- MI
- Stroke
- Hypertension
What are non-selective COX I and II inhibitor drugs?
- Aspirin
- Ibuprofen
- Naproxen
What is a selective COX II inhibitor?
-Celecoxib
What are adverse effects common for all NSAIDS?
Tinnitis (CNS) and skin rashes
What are CVS adverse effects of NSAIDs?
-Hypertension (COX-II)
What are GI adverse effects of NSAIDS?
- Nausea
- Ulcers
- Bleeding
- COX-I
What are Hepatic adverse effects of NSAIDS
-Altered liver functions (COX-I)
What are Pulmonary adverse effects of NSAIDS?
-Asthma (COX-I)
What are skin adverse effects of NSAIDS?
-Rashes (all NSAIDs)
What are Renal adverse effects of NSAIDS?
- Insufficiency (COX-I and II)
- can have renal failure in extreme cases
Glucocorticoids have a dramatic effect on what?
-Inflammation and slowing bone erosions in RA
What are the side effects of glucocorticoids? how can you minimize the side effects?
- Loss of muscle mass
- Osteoporosis
- Diabetogenesis
- Peptic ulcers
- Round face
- Buffalo hump
- minimize side effects by applying close to site of inflammation
What is a long acting glucocorticoids?
-Dexamethasone
What are short to medium acting glucocorticoids?
- Cortisone
- Prednisone
What are some examples of DMARDS drugs?
- Methotrexate
- Sulfasalazine
What do DMARDS do?
-Decrease inflammation and slow bone damage in RA
What is Entanercept?
- Anti-rhumatic/anti-autoimmune disease
- It inhibits inflammation by blocking TNF
What is Infliximab?
- Antibody that blocks TNF
- used to treat inflammatory diseases
What is the cause of acne vulgaris?
-Inflammation/bacterial infection of plugged sebaceous glands
What do topical keratolytics do?
- Treat acne vulgaris
- Remove keratin layer and opens sebaceous glands (also used as wart removers)
What are two topical keratolytics?
- Salicylic acid
- Benzoyl peroxide
What are antibiotics used to treat acne vulgaris?
- Erythromycin
- Tetracycline
- Clindamycin
- Metronidazole
- Dapsone
What are Retinoids?
-Vitamin A derivatives
What is a topical Retinoid?
-Retin A (Tretinoin)
What is a systemic Retinoid?
-Isotretinoin (Accutane)
What are the side effects of Retinoids?
- Dry skin
- Sores
- Major birth defects with isotretinoin
What are non-drug treatments to control acne vulgaris?
- UV phototherapy (acne causing bacteria are UV sensitive)
- Diet therapy
Muscle relaxants enhance levels of inhibition usually via what pathway?
-CNS (GABA mediated)
What type of muscle relaxants reduce muscle stretch reflex?
-Antispasmotics
What are five antispasmotic drugs?
- Diazepam
- Baclofen
- Dantrolene
- Carisoprodol
- Tizanidine
What is Baclofen?
- GABA b agonist
- Antispasmotic
What is Dantrolene?
- Alters Ca 2+ trafficking
- Antispasmotic
What drug used as an antispasmotic, works at the soma, and may have some dependence problems?
-Carisoprodol
What is a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drug?
- D-Tubocurarine
- Pancuronium
What does D-Tubocurarine do?
-Block ganglionic nicotinic receptor
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors block by overwhelming the blockade with what?
-ACh
What is a depolarizing neuromuscular blocking?
-Succinylcholine
How does succinylcholine block ganglionic nicotinic receptors?
-By desensitizing (overstimulating)
Does an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor reverse succinylcholine?
No
What are some viral thymidine kinase-dependent types of drugs used to treat singles and herpes?
- Acyclovir
- Famicyclovir
What is Zovirax or Denavir?
-Acyclovir drugs (ointments)
What drug is most effective for HSV 1 and 2 but is less potent on VZV?
-Acyclovir
What drug is effective against VZV and herpes viruses and is longer acting than acyclovir?
-Famicyclovir
What are some non-thymidine kinase dependent antiviral drugs?
- Foscarnet
- less of a resistant problem than thymidine kinase-dependent types
What are topical drugs used for cold sores/recurrent HSV?
- Denavir cream (Penicyclovir)
- Zovirax
- both are acyclovirs
what can chronic inflammation lead to?
- cancers
- pulmonary disease
- cardiovascular disease
- diabetes
- alzheimers disease
- oral diseases (periodontal tissues)
- neurological diseases
- arthritis
how do glucocorticoids work?
block upstream mediators of inflammatory cascade by inhibiting phospholipases
what are the uses of glucocorticoids?
- allergic reactions
- GI diseases (inflammatory bowel disease)
- infections (sepsis)
- joint inflammation (RA)
- skin diseases (dermatitis)
- pulmonary (asthma)
how are DMARDs potentially more toxic than other options?
- severe hepatotoxicity
- stomatitis
- immunosuppression
how do retinoids work to treat acne?
- increase exfoliation and clears follicles
- reduces sebum production and opens follicles
what are D-tubocurarine and pancuronium blocked by?
acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
how can you get the best effects of antiviral use for shingles and herpes?
use early in infection
