SCHIZOPHRENIA :PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS

Question 1

what have psychologists attempted to link

Answer 1

schizo to chilhood and adult xp of living in a dystfucntional family

Question 2

SCHIZOPREGENIC MOTHER - What type of explanation did Frieda Fromm Reichmannpropose

Answer 2

psychodynamic

Question 3

SCHIZOPREGENIC MOTHER - What was the basis did psychodynamic explanation did Frieda Fromm Reichmann propose for schizo based on

Answer 3

accounts she heard from patients about their childhoods

Question 4

SCHIZOPREGENIC MOTHER - fromm reichmann noted many of ..

Answer 4

her patients spoke of a particular type of parent called schizopregenic mother

Question 5

SCHIZOPREGENIC MOTHER - schizopregenic literraly means

Answer 5

schizoprenia cuasing mother

Question 6

SCHIZOPREGENIC MOTHER - describe the schizo mother according to fromm reichmann

Answer 6

cold
distant
overly involved
critical

crazy making qualities

Question 7

SCHIZOPREGENIC MOTHER - what do the characterisitcs of the schizo mother create

Answer 7

added stress by creating family climate charcaterised by tension and secrecy

Question 8

SCHIZOPREGENIC MOTHER - the tension and secrecy climate leads to

Answer 8

distrust

develops into paranoid delusions

and ultimatley schizo

Question 9

DOUBLE BIND THEORY - Baetson greed family cliamte is important in development of schizo but emphasised

Answer 9

role of communication style within a fmaily

Question 10

DOUBLE BIND THEORY - where situation does the devceloping child normally find themselves in

Answer 10

trapped in situations where fear doing wrong thing but reciev mixed messages about what the wrong thing is

and feel unable to comment on unfairnss and seek clarification

Question 11

DOUBLE BIND THEORY - what happens when child inevitably does wrong thing /

Answer 11

punished by withdrawal of love

Question 12

DOUBLE BIND THEORY - what happens when developing child is punished by a withdrawal from love

and what is this reflected in

Answer 12

left with understanding of world : confusing and dangerous

reflected in(+Ve) symoptioms such as disorganised thinking and paranoid delusions

Question 13

DOUBLE BIND THEORY - What was Bateson clear about

Answer 13

this was not the main type of comm (withdrawal of love) in family of someone with schizo

, just a risk factor

Question 14

EXPRESSED EMOTION (EE) - What is it

Answer 14

level of emotion (particularly negative emotion) expressed toward someone with schizo by carers who are often family members

Question 15

what are the 3 elements expressed emotion contains

Answer 15

verbal criticism of the person, occasionally accompanied by violence

hostility towards the perosn including anger and rejection

emotional overinvolvemetn in the life of the person including needless self sacrifice

Question 16

high levels of expressed emotion directed towards the indiviudl are a seriosu sort of what for them

Answer 16

serious source of stress

Question 17

expressed emotion is an expalantion for what in schizophrenia

Answer 17

primary explanation for relapse in people with schizo

Question 18

as well as being a primary explaantion for reapse in people with schizo expressed emotion is also suggested to be

Answer 18

a source of stress that can trigger onset of schizophrenia in a perosn already vulnerable e.g due to theri genetiv mkaeup

• stress diathesis model

Question 19

COGNITIVE EXPLANTIONS

Question 20

What are the 2 cognitive explanation

Answer 20

metarepresentation dysfuntion

central control dysfunction

Question 21

DYSFUNCTIONAL THINKING - cognitive explanations for any phenomenon are ones which

Answer 21

focus on role of mental processes

Question 22

DYSFUNCTIONAL THINKING - t/f schizo is associated with several types of dysfuncitonal though processing and they can provide explantion sof rschizphrenia as a whole

Answer 22

t

Question 23

DYSFUNCTIONAL THINKING - schizo ccan be characterised by

Answer 23

disruption ot normal thought processing

we can see this in many of its symptoms

Question 24

METAREPRESENTATIO DYSFUNCITON - Frith idenitfied ..

Answer 24

2 types of dysfuncitnoal thought processing

Question 25

METAREPRESENTATIO DYSFUNCITON - what is meta represntatino

Answer 25

congitive ablity to reflect on our thoughts and behaviour

Question 26

METAREPRESENTATIO DYSFUNCITON - what does metarepresntation allow us to do

Answer 26

insight into our own intentions and goals

interpret the actinos of others

Question 27

METAREPRESENTATIO DYSFUNCITON - dysfunciton in metarepresentation would disrupt our ability to

what would it explain

Answer 27

recognise our own actions and thoughts as being carried out by oursleves rather than someone else

this would explain hallucinations of hearing voices and delusions liek thought insertion

Question 28

CENTRAL CONTORL DYSFUNTION - definition

Answer 28

the cognitive ablity to supress automatic repsonses while we perform deliberate actions

Question 29

CENTRAL CONTORL DYSFUNTION - speech poverty and thought disorder could result from

Answer 29

inability to supress auto thougths and speech trigerred by other thoughts

Question 30

CENTRAL CONTORL DYSFUNTION - for example people with schizo tend to experience …. becuase

Answer 30

derailment of thoughts becuase each word triggers associations and the perosn cannot supress automatic repsonses to these

Question 31

evals family dysfuntion

Answer 31

supporting evidence for role of family dysfunctino

parent blaming

Question 32

evals cognitive explanatinos

Answer 32

research support stroop task

only provide proximal explanation

Question 33

support for role of family dysfucntion

strenght of these explantions is evidence linking family dysfuntion to schizpphrenia

x of fmaily dysfunciton include x attachment and x to childhood x especially x

according to a x by x , adults with schizophrenia are x likely ot have x attahcment , particularly type x or x
x et also reported x% of women and x% of men w schizo have a history of x and or x abuse

this strongly x family x makes peole more x to schizo

Answer 33

strenght of these explantions is evidence linking family dysfuntion to schizpphrenia

indicatos of fmaily dysfunciton include insecure attachment and exposure to childhood trauma especially abuse

according to a review by read , adults with schizophrenia are disporoportionatley likely ot have insecure attahcment , particularly type c or d
read et also reported 69% of women and 59% of men w schizo have a history of physicla and or sexual abuse

this strongly suggests family dysfunciton makes peole more vulnerable to schizo

Question 34

limitation - family - parent blaming

research into the linke between family dysfunciton and schizophrenia can pose quite a moral dilemaa

although x explanations for the x schizophrenia x have no x x

research in this area may be x in showing how x attahcment and the x of childhood x may affect x x to schizophrenia

on the other hand this area of research is very x x as it can lead to x blaming and adds x to x for parents who are having to see their child x symptoms of x

however psych should x x away from investigating x x topics

with correct x and x taken such a s the x x, the x of this research will hugely x the x and will have x real world x in x , chilcare social owrk and more

Answer 34

research into the linke between family dysfunciton and schizophrenia can pose quite a moral dilemaa

although early explanations for the damily schizophrenia link have no reserch support

research in this area may be useful in showing insecure attahcment and the experience of childhood truaam may affect individual vulnerability to schizophrenia

on the other hand this area of research is very socially sensitive as it can lead to parnt blaming and adds insult to injury for parents who are having to see their child xp symptoms of schixophrenia

however psychshould not shy away from investigating socially sensitive topics

with correct precautions and considerations tkenn such a s the research question, the beenfits of this research will hugely outwieigth the costs and will have ocuntless real world applicatins in attahcment , chilcare social owrk and more

Question 35

support for dysfunctional thought processing

strenght is supporting evidence ofr congitive dysfunciton

x et al compred the x on a range of x tasks in x people with schizo and a x group of x peoplew/o schizophrenia

tasks included x task - patients name x x of coloured words , so have to x automatic x to read words out x

as x by x et al’s x x x , people with schiophrenia took x - 2x on x to x the font colours

this suggests x processes of pepole w schiizophreina are x

Answer 35

strenght is supporting evidence ofr congitive dysfunciton

striling et al compred the performance ona a range of congitive tasks in 30 people with schizo and a control group of 30 peoplew/o schizophrenia

tasks included stroop task - patients name font colours of coloured words , so have to supress tendency to read workds out loud

as predited by firth et al’s central contorl theory , people with schiophrenia took longer - 2x on average to anme the font colours

this suggests cognitive processes of pepole w schiizophreina are impaired

Question 36

limitation - only a proximal explanation

they only expain x orgiins of x

cog exlp for schizo are x explanatinos becuase they explain whats happening x now to produce x but cannot explain what x x the condition such as x and x dysfunctional explanations

x is currently x and not well x is how x variation or x x may lead to probelms of x or x x

this menas cogn thoeries on their own only provide x explanations for x

Answer 36

they only expain proximal orgiins of symptoms

cog exlp for schizo are proximal explanatinos becuase they explain whats happening right now to produce symtoms but cannot explain what intiially uasaed the condition such as genetic and family dysfunctional explanations

ehat is currently unclear and not well addressed is how genetic variation or childhood truama may lead to probelms of metarepresentation or central contorl

this menas cogn thoeries on their own only provide partial explanations for schizophrenia