PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS : EYSENCK'S THEORY

Question 1

who was an important figure in persomality and intelligence research during the middle of 20th century

Answer 1

eysenck

Question 2

eysenck proposed behaviour could be represented along

Answer 2

two dimensions

Question 3

what were the two dimesnsions eysenck proposed behaviour could be represeanted along

Answer 3

introversion - extraversion (E)

neuroticism - stability (N)

Question 4

the two dimensions E N combine to form a variety of

Answer 4

personality charctersitics or ytraits

Question 5

what did eysenck later add

Answer 5

third dimension :

psychoticism - sociability (P)

Question 6

BIO BASIS - according to eysenck our personality traits are what in origin

Answer 6

biological

Question 7

bio - eysneck says our personality traits are biological in orgin , how do they come aobut

Answer 7

throguh type of nervous system we inherit

Question 8

bio - as eysenck says our personality traits are biological in anture and come about through types . therfore all personality types including the criminal have a

Answer 8

innate biological basis s

Question 9

what type of nervous system do extraverts have

Answer 9

underactive

Question 10

extraverts have an underavtive NS therefore what do they constantly seek what and are likely to engage in

Answer 10

seek - excitement, stimualtion

likely engage - risk taking behaviour

Question 11

extraverts tend not to

and therfore

Answer 11

condition easily

dont learn from their mistake

Question 12

what do neurotic have in their sympathetic nervous system

Answer 12

high level of reactivity

Question 13

neurotics have a hig leve of reactivity in their sympathetic nervous systetm - how do they react to situations of threat(fight/flight)

Answer 13

respond quickly

Question 14

since neurtoics react quickly to situations of threat , they tend to be

Answer 14

nervous

jumpy

overanxious

Question 15

neurotic indi - their general instability means behaviour is often

Answer 15

difficult to predict

Question 16

psychotic indi suggested to ahve

and are

Answer 16

higher levels of testosterone

unemotional

prone to agression

Question 17

psychotism is the result if

Answer 17

excess dopaminergic neurons

Question 18

in psychotism - excess dopmainergic neurons which cause an

leading to

Answer 18

overproduction of dopamine by nervous system

less of an inhibtion of impulses

Question 19

what is the criminal personality type

Answer 19

neurotic - extravert- psychotic

Question 20

criminal personality type - neurotics are what and therfore

Answer 20

unstable

overact to situations of threat

Question 21

extarverts seek more

Answer 21

afrousal

Question 22

extraverts seek more arousal and therfore enageg in

Answer 22

dangerous activities

Question 22

extraverts seek more arousal and therfore enageg in

Answer 22

dangerous activities

Question 23

psychotics are * and lack

Answer 23

aggressive

lack empathyb

Question 24

ROLE OF SCOIALISATION - in eysencks theroy, peosnality si linekd to

Answer 24

offending behaviour via socilasisation processes

Question 25

ROLE OF SCOIALISATION - eysenck saw offnding behaviours as

Answer 25

developmentally immature in that it is selfish and concerned with immediate gratification

Question 26

ROLE OF SCOIALISATION - relating to immediate gratification . offenders are

Answer 26

imaptient and cannot wait for things

Question 27

ROLE OF SCOIALISATION - what is the process of socialsiation

Answer 27

chidlren taught to become more able to delay gratification and are more socially oriented

Question 28

ROLE OF SCOIALISATION - eysenck believed people with high N and E scores had nervous systems that made them what

Answer 28

difficult to condition

Question 29

ROLE OF SCOIALISATION - hose with N and E scores got NS that are difficult to condition therfore less liekly to

and consequently

Answer 29

learn anxiety resposnes to antiscoial impulses

would be more liekly to act antiscoailly in situations where opportunity rpesented itself

Question 30

MEASURING CRIMINAL PERSONALITY - Whats a notion central to eysenck’s theory

Answer 30

personality can be measured

Question 31

what did eysenck develop

Answer 31

EYSENCK EPRSONALITY QUESTIONNAIRE (EPQ)

Question 32

what is EPQ

Answer 32

Form of psychological test

locates respondents along the E,N,P dimensions

to determine eprsonality type

Question 33

why is measurement of eprosnality a very important part of eysencks theory

Answer 33

enabled him to conduct research relating perosnality avriabels to toher behaviours such as criminality

Question 34

limitation - reductionist x out of date

Answer 34

personlaity traits unlikely to be accounted for by only using 3dimensions and measured by a single #

furthermore these traits liekly to change depending on who we interact with and under waht circumnstances thus not always being stable

+ theory can be considered outdated
digman 5 factor model of personality suggests alongside e&n thers additional dimensions e.g openess

therfore many combo of what can be ,ade in terms of a personality type and that high levels of e&n doesnt mean offedning is inevatible

overall presents a more compex pic of fofending and suggest e thoery is out of step with modern theories and through its reductionism doesnt offer an accurate account of personality

Question 35

limitation - cutural factors

Answer 35

cultural factors werent taken into account

researchers studied hispanic and african american offenders

6 groups were created based on offences and offending history

all 6 scored lower on E than non offeders controls

this was suggested to be due to teh fact sample was culturally different to eysenck

this questions how far criminal personality can be generalised and suggest it may be a culturally relative concept

Question 36

strength research support - criminal personality

Answer 36

eysenck and eysenck compared 2017 male prisoners scores on EPQ with 2422 male controls

found across all age groups sampled, prisoners recorded hihger than average score in terms of ENP than controls

therefore agrees with prediction of the theory that offenders

Question 37

coutner point research support