ISSUES AND DEBATES - culture bias

Question 1

universlaity recap

Answer 1

if psych is a scientific study of human behaviour then it should be standardized meaning should be able to be applied to all people

Question 2

what is culture bias

Answer 2

tendency to judge people in terms of one’s own cultural assumptions

Question 3

in 2010 what did hendrick e al do

Answer 3

reviewed 100s of studies

Question 4

what did henrich et al report from reviwing 100s of studies

Answer 4

68% of pt came from USA

96% came from inustrialised antinos

Question 5

what did arnett et al 2008 find from his research

Answer 5

80% of pt where undergrads tudying psych

Question 6

what does findings by henrich and arnett make us question

Answer 6

how universal fidigns made by psych actualy are

Question 7

researhc made us uestion universality of finigns made y psych are it lead to henrick coining the phrase

Answer 7

WEIRD

Question 8

what is weird used to describe

Answer 8

those most likely to be studied by psychologists and in psychology studies

Question 9

what does weird stand for

Answer 9

Western

Educated

Industrialised

Rich

Democractic

Question 10

what does the whole idea of weird suggest

3 points

Answer 10

although psych routinely claim to discover facts about human behaviour

findings are based on a select group of individuals

so subjected to strong cultural bis cause WEIRD people usually in research

Question 11

if teh norm ir standard of aprticuar behaviour is set by WEIRD people then how will behaviour od non westernised , less educated, agricutural and poorer culture going to be seen

Answer 11

abnoraml

inferior

unusual

Question 12

how odo we remeber ethnocentrism

Answer 12

rhino painting a pic

but the pic is blocked by his nose

and he thinks its normal

Question 13

what is ethnocentrisim

Answer 13

seeing the world only from one’s own cultural perspective

and believing that this one perspective is both normal and correct

Question 14

in its extrme form what is ethnocentrism and what can this lead to

Answer 14

beleif in superiorit of ones own culture

discrimination and prejudice towards others

Question 15

findings suggested by henrick and arnett suggest about US and EUROPE

Answer 15

guilty of presenting ethnocentric view of human behviour

Question 16

what is an example of ethnicentric research

Answer 16

strange situation

Question 17

explain how strange situation is an example fo ethnocentric research

Answer 17

was developed in america

many researchers assumed strange situation had teh same meaning for infants in other cultures

which is not alwyas the case as german kids show a higher rate of insecure aboidant behaviour as independence is encouraged in th german culture

Question 18

what is cultural relativism

Answer 18

behaviours can only be properly understood if the cultural context is taken into consideration

Question 19

how do we sum up cultural relativism

Answer 19

recognising culrural bias to help avoid it

Question 20

give example of cultural relativism

Answer 20

sternberg arued meaning of intelligence is differnt in all cultlures

coordination and motor skills more valued in a prelitterate society but not valued in a literate or developed country

therfore intelligence should be judged in context of the culture

Question 21

to understand intelligence we have to take x x into account or

Answer 21

cultural relativism into account

or we start to devalue other cultlures
e.g making inferences not true just based on belief

Question 22

.g give an exmaple of devlauing other cultures based on beleief

Answer 22

saying a culture is inferior in terms of intelligence rather than appreciaitng their measur eof intelligence is diff to otehr cultures

Question 23

evaluation points

Question 24

how can we deal with it evaluation

one way to deal with cultural bias is to x it when it x

x and x found in thier xxx survey of x textbooks on x psychology that x% of studies were x, 32% x and only x% fromt eh rest of the world

this x that much psychological research is severley x and can be greatly improved by simply x differnt x groups to x

Answer 24

one way to deal with cultural bias is to recognise it when it ocurs

smith and bond found in thier 1998 survey of european textbooks on social psychology that 66% of studies were american 32% european and only 2% fromt eh rest of the world

this suggests that much psychological research is severley unrepresentative and can be greatly improved by simply selecting differnt cutural groups to study

Question 25

significant real world effects

culturally biased research can have significant x world effects such as x and x damaging x

x army used an x test before xx1 which was culturally x towards the x x majority

x the test showed x x were at the x of the IQ scale and this had a x effect on the x of Americans x rhis group of x

which highlights the x impacts culturally x research can have

Answer 25

culturally biased research can have significant real world effects such as amplifiying and validating damaging stereotypes

US army used an IQ test before WW1 which was culturally biased towardss the dominant white majority

unsuprisingly the test showed African Americans were at the bottom of the IQ scale and this had a negative effect on the attitudes of Americans towards rhis group of people

which highlights the negative impacts culturally biased research can have

Question 26

eval - heigihtened aware ness of cultuteal diveristy

x awareness of cultural x has led to the x of x x: theories drawing x on the particular x of people in differnt x contexts

one e.g is x - a movement which suggests taht becasue all x people have their roots in x theories about htem must x the x context of x and x

this matter becase its x to the x of theories that are more x to the lives and x of people not only in x but also those far x from thier x orgigins

the development of indigenous psychologies is often seen as a x of cultutra relativism,

but theeres x too becuase we can consider x theories to be as culturally x as those they claim to x

Answer 26

heightened awareness of cultural diversity has led to the devleopment of indigenous psychologies: theories drawing explicitly on the particular experiences of people in differnt cultural contexts

one e.g is afrocetrism - a movement which suggests taht becasue all black people have their roots in Africa theories about htem must recognise the african context of behaviours and attitudes

this matter becase its led to the emergence of theories that are more relevant to the lives and cultures o people not only in africa but also those far removed from thier african orgigins

the development of indigenous psychologies is often seen as a strenght of cultutra relativism,

but theeres limitaitons too becuase we can consider afocentric theories to be as culturally biased as those they claim to replace