SCHIZOPHRENIA : BIO EXPLA - Neural correlates of schizo

Question 1

we dont know exactly what causes schizo on a

Answer 1

biological level

Question 2

we dont knwo excatly what casues schizo on a biological level however research has identified some

Answer 2

neural correlates

Question 3

neural correlates i.e

Answer 3

brain structure or function

Question 4

what is the best known neural correlate of schizo

Answer 4

neurotrnasmit - dopamine ( DA)

Question 5

What is dopmaine important for

Answer 5

functioning of several brain systems related to symptoms of schizo

Question 6

ORIGINAL DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS - what was it based on

Answer 6

discovery that drugs used to treat schizo (antipsychotics which reduce DA ) caused symptoms similar to those in people with Parkinsons disease

a condition associated with low DA levels

Question 7

ORIGINAL DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS - from discovery drugs used to treat schixo patients casued symptoms similar ot those with Parkinsons - associated with low dopamine levels . Schizo might therefore be the result of

Answer 7

high levels of DA in subcortical areas of the brain

Question 8

ORIGINAL DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS - What does hyperdopaminergia mean

Answer 8

high levels of dopamine in brain

Question 9

ORIGINAL DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS - for example what can an excesss of DA receptors in pathways from subcortex of Broca’s area explain

Answer 9

specific symptoms of schizo such as speech poverty

and or

auditory hallucinations

Question 10

ORIGINAL DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS - broca’s area is responsible for

Answer 10

speech production

Question 11

UPDATED VERSIONS OF DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS - What did Davis et al propose

Answer 11

the addition of cortical hypodopaminergia

Question 12

UPDATED VERSIONS OF DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS - what does hypodopaminergia mean

Answer 12

abnormally low DA levels in the brains cortex

Question 13

UPDATED VERSIONS OF DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS - true or false hypodopaminergia can also explain symptoms of schizo

Answer 13

true

Question 14

UPDATED VERSIONS OF DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS - give example of how hypodopaminergia can cause symptoms of schizo

Answer 14

low DA in prefrontal cortex could explain cognitive problems e.g negative symptoms of schizo

Question 15

UPDATED VERSIONS OF DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS - also been suggested that cortical hypodominergia leads to

Answer 15

subcortical hypermanergia

Question 16

UPDATED VERSIONS OF DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS - as cortical hypominergia can lead to subcortical hyperdopaminergia what does this mean

Answer 16

both high and low levels of DA in different brain regions are a part of the updated version

Question 17

UPDATED VERSIONS OF DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS - explains link between

Answer 17

abnormal DA levels and symptoms

Question 18

UPDATED VERSIONS OF DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS - as well as explaining links between abnormal DA levels and symptoms what do current version of dop hypothesis try explain

Answer 18

the origins of abnormal DA functions

Question 19

so what can we conclude overall about hyper/hypodopaminergia (Howes et al 2017)

Answer 19

both genetic variations ( family studies + candidate genes )

and early experiences of stress

both psychological and physical

make some people more senstive to cortical hypodopaminergia

and hence subcortical hyperdopaminergia