GENDER : SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY OF GENDER DEVELOPMENT Flashcards
The social learning theory acknowledges the..
role that the social context plays in development
the social learning theory acknowledges (Refer to 1st flashcard) and states…
all behaviour (including gender related behaviour) is learned from observing others
the SLT draws attention to teh influence of what in shaping gender development
the environment (nurture)
in shaping gender development
the slt draws attention to the influence of environment in shaping gender development - what group of people is this
significant others a child comes into contact with
give examples of significant others a child comes into contact with
5 points
parents
peers
teachers
as well as wider influence of
media and culture
(DIRECT REINFORCEMENT) what are children more likely to be reinforced(praised and encouraged) for/
whats direct reinforcemnt
demonstrating behaviour that is stereotypically gender appropriate
e.g boys being encouraged to engage in rough and tumble play
girld being rewarded for being passive , gentle and staying close to theri parent
(DIRECT REINFORCEMENT) what is differential reinforcement
the way in which boys and girls are encouraged to show distinct gender appropriate behaviour
(DIRECT REINFORCEMENT) how does child learn their gender identity
through differential reinforcement
(DIRECT REINFORCEMENT) a child is more likely to repeat a behaviour that has been
reinforced (Rewarded)
This may be direct or indirect
What is indirect (vicarious) reinforcement
behaviour is more likely to be imitated by a child , if consequeces of another persons behaviour are favourable
give example of indirect reinforcement on a girl where consequences are desirable
2 marks
(point + explanation)
girl sees mum gettig complimented when she wears makeup and pretty dress
girl might try repeat behaviour when shes able
in indirect reinforcement when is behaviour less likely to be repreated or imitated by a child
consequences of behaviour are unfavourable e.g punished
give example of indirect renforcement for a boy - where consequence are unfavourable
2 marks
(point + explanation)
little boy sees another boy being teased for displaying feminine behaviour
the behaviour is less liekly to be copied
identification refers to a process whereby
3 marks
child attaches themselves to a person
who is seen to be liek them or
a person they want to be like
in identification people that posses qualtiies the child sees as desirable are known as
role models
whata is a role model in identification
person posseses qualtiies the child sees as desirable
where can arole model be found in a childs life
2 places
+ example
may be aprt of childs immediate environment (parent, siblings, teachers)
may be present in the media e.g pop/sport stars ,
what do 3 things do role models tend to be
attractive
hihg status
usually (crucially for learnign gender behaviours) the same gender as the child
from a role models perspective what is modelling
precise demonstration of a behaviour that amy be imitated by an observer
when might a mother model stereotypically feminine behaviour
2 examples pls
tidying house
preparing for dinner
what can the term modellign also be used to explain
learning from teh observers POV
Give example of a girl modelling behaviour she’s seen
little girl copies her mother setting the table
attemptign to feed her doll using a toy bottle
mediational porcesses are central to
the learning of gender behaviour
how many mediational (cognitive) processes are there
4
state the 4 mediational gender processes
attention
retention
motivation
motor reproduction
give example of boy using ATTENTION
2 points
little boy wants to emulate fav prem league player - jude bellingham
by paying close attention to what footballer does
give exaple f retention from the boy trying to emulate his prem legue playher
rembering the skills the footballer showed on pitch
and trying to reproduce these later in playground with friends
what is motivation - using footy boy example
desire to repeat behaviour comes from wanting t be like his hero (identification)
give example of motor reproduction from footy boy
boy must eb physicallt capable of producinng football skills
STRENGTH SUPPORTING EVIDENCE SMITH LLOD
P: There is evidence to support the SLT from SMITH and LLOYD(1978)
E: 4-6 month old babies were DRESSED half the time in BOYS CLOTHES and half the time in GIRLS CLOTHES, ADULTS were observed to see how they INTERACTED with the babies
E: Babies assumed to be male were given a HAMMER SHAPED RATTLE and encouraged to be ADVENTUROUS , when the same babies were dressed as a girl they were given a CUDDLY TOY and were reinforced for being PASSIVE
L: This reinforces the claim that GENDER-APPROPRIATE behaviour is stamped in at an EARLY AGE through DIFFERENTIAL REINFORCEMENT
STRENGTH - application to real life
P: Further support for the SLT of gender comes from its application to real -life as it can be used to help COUNTER GENDER STEREOTYPES
E: For example, in recent DISNEY MOVIES such as BRAVE and FROZEN females are presented in NON STEREOTYPICAL ROLES, such as STRONG LEADERS
E: PINGREE(1978) found that TV ADS with WOMEN in NON STEREOTYPICAL ROLES reduced stereotyping in young GIRLS
L: The effectiveness of these ADS AND FILMS reinforce the SLT claims about the INFLUENCE and impact of ROLE MODELS and IDENTIFICATON on gender
LIMITATION -
oppose case study David Reimer
biologically male botched circumcision penis girl chromosomal influence environment
incomplete explanation gender shaped experiences
P: There is evidence to OPPOSE the SLT of gender from the CASE STUDY of DAVID REIMER
E: He was born BIOLOGICALLY MALE but due to a BOTCHED CIRCUMCISION that left him without a PENIS, he was raised as a GIRL
E: This suggests that … … is more powerful than … in the development of gender
L: The SLT therefore provides an … … of … as they believe it is … by our …
