Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYCHOLOGY Y2 > GENDER : ROLE OF CHROMOSOMES AND HORMONES > Flashcards

GENDER : ROLE OF CHROMOSOMES AND HORMONES Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

What are chromosomes made from

A

DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are genes

2 marks

A

short sectinos of DNA

that determine characteristics of a lving thing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how many chromosomes are there in the human body and what are they arranged into

A

46 chromosomes

23 pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the last of the 23 pairs of 46 chromosomes determines what

A

biological sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the chromosomal structure for females

A

XX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the chromosomal structure for males

A

XY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

chromoomal trucutres are XX and XY because

A

this is how tey appear when viewed under a microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what chromsome do all normal eggs produced by a human ovary ahve

A

X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what chromosems do sperms carry

A

X or Y

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A baby’s sex is determined by …

A

sperm that fertilises the egg cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

baby is female if the fertilising sperm carries an

A

X chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

baby is male if the fertilising sperm carries a

A

Y chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the Y chromosome carries a gene called the

A

sex determining region Y

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how can we say the gene: sex determining region Y in short

A

SRY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the SRY gene cause to develop in an XY embryo

A

testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

teh sry gene casues etstes to develop in the XY embryo and what do these produce

A

androgens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are androgens

A

male sex hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

chromosomes intially determine …

A

a persons sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

chrmosomes intially determine a persons sex but how does most gender development come about

A

through the influence of hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what happens prenatally in the womb
2 marks

A

hormones

act upon brain development

and cause development

of the reproductive organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

at puberty during adolescence waht happens

A

burst of hormonal activity

triggers teh development of secondary sexual characteristics

such as pubic hair

22
Q

males and females produce many of the same hormones but

A

in different conentrations

23
Q

of primary importance in male development are a number of hormones called

A

androgens

24
Q

what is the most widely known androgen

A

testosterone

25
Q

testosterone is a

A

male hormone

26
Q

true or false testosterone is present in small quantities in women

A

true

27
Q

what does teststerone contorl

A

development of male sex hormoens during foetal development

28
Q

what happens if a genetic male produces no testosterone during foetal development

A

no male sex organs appear

29
Q

if a genetic female produces high levels of testosterone during foetal develpoment what may happen

A

male sex organs may appear

30
Q

what does evolutionaru explanation link high testosterone to

and why

A

aggresion

becasue it’s adaptive

31
Q

explain two reasons why aggression is adaptive

A

aggression towards rivals allows males to compete for the oppotunity to mate with a fertiile female

the fact that women tend to children means men are more likely to take the hunter role and success would be enhanced by aggressiveness

32
Q

what is oestrogen

3 marks

A

female hormone

that determines female sexual characteristics

and menstruation

33
Q

Alongside physical changes what can oestrogen cause during a menstrual cycle

A

heightened emotionality and irritability

34
Q

when effects of high emotionlity and irritability become A diagnoSABLE disorder what is it referred to

A

premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

premenstrual tension (PMT)

35
Q

in extreme cases waht has PMS been used succesfully as a defence for

A

murder

shoplifting

36
Q

in the extreme cases that murder has been used to defend what have some researchers disputed

A

the existence of PMS as a viable medical category

37
Q

compared the levles of oxytocin between men and women

A

women produce it in larger amounts than men

38
Q

why do women typically produce larger amount sof oxytocin than men

A

its the result of giving birth

39
Q

the hormone oxytocuin stimulates

A

lactation - making it possible for mums to breastfeed their kids

40
Q

what horomne does oxytocin reduce

A

stress hormone cortisol

41
Q

oxytocin reduces the stres hormone cortisol and faiclitates

A

bonding

42
Q

because oxytocin reduces cortisol and faciliates bonding its referred to as the

A

love hormone

43
Q

when is oxyctocin released in large quamtities

A

during labour and after childbirth

44
Q

oxytocin makes mothers feel …

A

in love with their baby

45
Q

the fact men produce less of oxytocin has fuelled what stereotype

A

men are less interested in intimacy and closeness within a relationship

46
Q

the stereotype men are less intersed in intimacy within a relarionship etccc has been counterargued about evidence suggest both,men and women produce roughly equal amounts of oxyctocin during what

A

amorous activities e.g kissing and sexual intercourse

47
Q

: According to the biological explanation of gender, the chromosomes, hormones and reproductive
systems that develop will influence the development of the brain, in particular, the size of the
suprachiasmatic nucleus (ScN) what is this area associated

A

with our psychological gender identity.

48
Q

the hormone testosterone is implicated in the size of the

A

SDN

49
Q

The hormone
testosterone is implicated in the size of the SDN and therefore

A

the SDN is approximately 2.5 times bigger in
genetic males than in genetic females

50
Q

extension evaluation gender - biologically reductionist (I&D)

A

The biological theory is criticised for taking a biologically reductionist view of gender.

It assumes that
this complex psychological and physiological part of our identity can be broken down to the lowest
level of explanation - genes and hormones.

As a consequence, the theory ignores the roles of any
nurturing influences such as culture or media.

For example, by the time children are five years old, they
have already established some biological gender development and have been exposed to gender roles
and stereotypes in their environment.

This makes it incredibly hard to disentangle nature and nurture influences, concluding that the biological theory of gender should acknowledge a broader, more
holistic view of gender.

51
Q

LIMITATION - oversimplified

A

One limitation of the biological approach of gender is the oversimplification of hormones.

Theapproach proposes that there are distinct male hormones (testosterone) and female hormones
(oestrogen) however, many argue that this is a very simplified view of hormones.

Both of these hormones are found in men and women in different concentrations and are not isolated to each
gender, which the biological approach appears to suggest.

Therefore, the endocrine system involved in
gender identity is more complex than initially proposed.

52
Q

strength - research support young

A

One advantage of the biological explanation of gender is the research support it has gathered.
Young
(1966) manipulated the amount of testosterone exposed to unborn baby rats and found that the female offspring were born masculinised.

The masculinised female offspring played more aggressively,
had an increased size in the SND, and they demonstrated more exploratory behaviour, in contrast to
female offspring who were not exposed to more testosterone in utero.

This provides support for the
claim that hormones and physiology are highly influential in gender development.

PSYCHOLOGY Y2 (54 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions