RESEARCH METHODS - validity Flashcards by Nana K

what is validity

extent to which an observed effect is genuine

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what is validity

extent to which an observed effect is genuine

does it measure what it’s supposed to

can it be generlasied beyond research setting whihc its found

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its possible for studies and measures to produce a reliable data thats not

valid

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give example of relable data thats not valid

broken set of scales gives consistent reading of someones weight

but weight reported isnt true so measurement lacks validity

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what is internal validity

whetehr effects observed in an experimetn are due to teh manipulation of teh IV and not some other factor

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a major threat to internal validity of a study is if

participants respond to deamnd charcateristics and act in a way they think is expected

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why have people questioned internal validity of milgram study

pt may have been playing along with experimental situation and didnt really believ ethey were adminstering shocks - so they responsed to demands of situation , obeyed cause thought wasant real

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why have people questioned internal validity of milgram study

pt may have been playing along with experimental situation and didnt really believ ethey were adminstering shocks - so they responsed to demands of situation , obeyed cause thought wasant real

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whats external validity

measure of whether data can be generalised to other situations outside of the research environment they were originally gathered in.

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ecological validity is what type of validity

external

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what is ecological valididty

extent to whihc findings from a research study can be generalised to other settings and situations - mot ptclry every day life

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ecological validity is not abour

naturalness of a study

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what is low mundane realsim

if task used to measure dependent varibale in an experiment is not like everyday life

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if something has low mundane realsim it has lower

ecological validity

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a researcher may give people a list of words to remebre to assess memory and could do this in a shopping mall

what makes the study lakc ecological validity

the fact were usuing a word list

setting doesnt make findings more relaistic

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essentially ecological validity is aobut how

wehther studies apply to real world

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difference between external validity and ecological validity

external -can study findings be generalised to other contexts

ecological - study findings can be generalized to real-life settings

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why must we look at all sorts of sapects of research set up

to decide whether findings can be generalised beyond the particular research settings

what is temporal validity

issue of wehtehr findins from a particular study or concepts within a particular theory hold true over time

why do critics say asch experiment got low temporal validity

high rates of conformity within og asch experimetn were a prodcut of particularly conformist era in recent american history

what 2 concepts an we use to asses validity

face validty

concurrent validity

what is face validity

basic form of validity where a measure is scrutinised to determine whether it appears to measure what its supposed to measure

how can we determine face vaifity

eyeballing the measurement instrument

passing it to an expert to check

what is concurrent validity

extent to whihc a psychological measure relates to an existing similar measure

give exmaple of concurrent validity

new intelligence test may be administeerd to a grou of particpants iq score they achieve may be compared with their performance on a well established test

in concurrent validity close agreements between 2 sets of data indicate + how is close agreement indicated

new test has high concurrent validty correlation between 2 sets of scores exceeds +80

IMPORVING VALIIDITY - EXPERIMENTS - state the 3 ways

contorl groups standardise procedures use of single and double blind procedures

IMPORVING VALIIDITY - EXPERIMENTS - how does using a ctrl group imporve validity

researcehr better able to assess wehther changes in DV due to manipulation of IV

IMPORVING VALIIDITY - EXPERIMENTS - give example of ctrl groupimporving validity

effectovness of therapy ctrl group who didnt recieve therapy means researcehr can have greater confidence improvement due to effects of therapy rather than pasage of tiem

IMPORVING VALIIDITY - EXPERIMENTS - how do standardised procedures imporve validity

minimise impact of particpant eactivity and investigator affects on validity of otuocme

IMPROVING VALIDITY - EXPERIMENTS - What is aprticpant reactivity

phenomenon responses and or behaviours of pt are affected by their awareness theyre part of a study i.e demand characterstics , social desirabiliry`

IMPROVING VALIDITY - EXPERIMENTS - singel and double blind triasl minimise impact of

participant reactivity investigator affects

IMPROVING VALIDITY - EXPERIMENTS - singel and double blind triasl minimise impact of

participant reactivity investigator affects on validity of the otucome

IMPROVING VALIDITY - EXPERIMENTS - how do singel and doubel blind trials help reduce paticpant reactivity and investigator effects on validity of the ourcome

SB - pt not aware of aims of study till taken part to reduce effcte od demand charcateristics DB - 3rd party conduccts investigaiton without knwiing its main purpose reducing demand charctersitics and investigator affects therfore imporving validity

IMPROVING VALIDITY - how can we improve it in questionnaires and psychological tests

incorporate a lie scale assure repsondents all data submitted will remain anonymous

IMPROVING VALIDITY - how are questionnaires/psych tests improved with lie scale

can assess consistency of a particpants repsonse and control for effects of social desirability bias

observatinoal findings may have highe recological validity why

may be minimal interventino by researcher espsesh case if observer remains undetected as in covert obsv meaning behaviour of those observed likely to be naural and authentic

IMPROVING VALIDITY - observations how can we imporve behaviorual categories

dont make em broad (narrow) overllaping (dont overlap no cuddling and hugging) ambigious(clear) if they are cna have negative impact on validity of data collected

IMPROVING VALIDITY - why are qualitative methods of research thought of as having higher ecological validity than more quanititative lessinterpreative research methods

depth and detail associated with case studies and interviews for examples is better able to reflect a pt reality

IMPROVING VALIDITY - in qualitative research a researcher may still have to demonstrate

interpretive validity

IMPROVING VALIDITY - what is interpretive validity in terms of qualitative research

extent to which researchers interpretation of events matches that of their particpants

IMPROVING VALIDITY - how can we show interpretive validity in terms of qualitative research

coherence of researchers narrative and the inclusion of direct quotes from pt within the report

IMPROVING VALIDITY - whats the final way we can ehance validity in qualitative research

triangulation

IMPROVING VALIDITY - qualitative research - whats triangulation

use of a number of differnet sources as evidence e.g data compiled through interviews with friends and family, perosnal diaries , obsv etc