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PSYCHOLOGY Y2 > RESEARCH METHODS - validity > Flashcards

RESEARCH METHODS - validity Flashcards

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1
Q

what is validity

A

extent to which an observed effect is genuine

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2
Q

what is validity

A

extent to which an observed effect is genuine

does it measure what it’s supposed to

can it be generlasied beyond research setting whihc its found

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3
Q

its possible for studies and measures to produce a reliable data thats not

A

valid

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4
Q

give example of relable data thats not valid

A

broken set of scales gives consistent reading of someones weight

but weight reported isnt true so measurement lacks validity

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5
Q

what is internal validity

A

whetehr effects observed in an experimetn are due to teh manipulation of teh IV and not some other factor

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6
Q

a major threat to internal validity of a study is if

A

participants respond to deamnd charcateristics and act in a way they think is expected

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7
Q

why have people questioned internal validity of milgram study

A

pt may have been playing along with experimental situation and didnt really believ ethey were adminstering shocks - so they responsed to demands of situation , obeyed cause thought wasant real

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7
Q

why have people questioned internal validity of milgram study

A

pt may have been playing along with experimental situation and didnt really believ ethey were adminstering shocks - so they responsed to demands of situation , obeyed cause thought wasant real

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8
Q

whats external validity

A

measure of whether data can be generalised to other situations outside of the research environment they were originally gathered in.

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9
Q

ecological validity is what type of validity

A

external

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10
Q

what is ecological valididty

A

extent to whihc findings from a research study can be generalised to other settings and situations - mot ptclry every day life

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11
Q

ecological validity is not abour

A

naturalness of a study

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12
Q

what is low mundane realsim

A

if task used to measure dependent varibale in an experiment is not like everyday life

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13
Q

if something has low mundane realsim it has lower

A

ecological validity

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14
Q

a researcher may give people a list of words to remebre to assess memory and could do this in a shopping mall

what makes the study lakc ecological validity

A

the fact were usuing a word list

setting doesnt make findings more relaistic

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15
Q

essentially ecological validity is aobut how

A

wehther studies apply to real world

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16
Q

difference between external validity and ecological validity

A

external -can study findings be generalised to other contexts

ecological - study findings can be generalized to real-life settings

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17
Q

why must we look at all sorts of sapects of research set up

A

to decide whether findings can be generalised beyond the particular research settings

18
Q

what is temporal validity

A

issue of wehtehr findins from a particular study or concepts within a particular theory hold true over time

19
Q

why do critics say asch experiment got low temporal validity

A

high rates of conformity within og asch experimetn were a prodcut of particularly conformist era in recent american history

20
Q

what 2 concepts an we use to asses validity

A

face validty

concurrent validity

21
Q

what is face validity

A

basic form of validity where a measure is scrutinised to determine whether it appears to measure what its supposed to measure

22
Q

how can we determine face vaifity

A

eyeballing the measurement instrument

passing it to an expert to check

23
Q

what is concurrent validity

A

extent to whihc a psychological measure relates to an existing similar measure

24
Q

give exmaple of concurrent validity

A

new intelligence test may be administeerd to a grou of particpants

iq score they achieve may be compared with their performance on a well established test

25
Q

in concurrent validity close agreements between 2 sets of data indicate +

how is close agreement indicated

A

new test has high concurrent validty

correlation between 2 sets of scores exceeds +80

26
Q

IMPORVING VALIIDITY - EXPERIMENTS - state the 3 ways

A

contorl groups

standardise procedures

use of single and double blind procedures

27
Q

IMPORVING VALIIDITY - EXPERIMENTS - how does using a ctrl group imporve validity

A

researcehr better able to assess wehther changes in DV due to manipulation of IV

28
Q

IMPORVING VALIIDITY - EXPERIMENTS - give example of ctrl groupimporving validity

A

effectovness of therapy

ctrl group who didnt recieve therapy means researcehr can have greater confidence

improvement due to effects of therapy rather than pasage of tiem

29
Q

IMPORVING VALIIDITY - EXPERIMENTS - how do standardised procedures imporve validity

A

minimise impact of particpant eactivity and investigator affects on validity of otuocme

30
Q

IMPROVING VALIDITY - EXPERIMENTS - What is aprticpant reactivity

A

phenomenon responses and or behaviours of pt are affected by their awareness theyre part of a study

i.e demand characterstics , social desirabiliry`

31
Q

IMPROVING VALIDITY - EXPERIMENTS - singel and double blind triasl minimise impact of

A

participant reactivity

investigator affects

32
Q

IMPROVING VALIDITY - EXPERIMENTS - singel and double blind triasl minimise impact of

A

participant reactivity

investigator affects

on validity of the otucome

33
Q

IMPROVING VALIDITY - EXPERIMENTS - how do singel and doubel blind trials help reduce paticpant reactivity and investigator effects on validity of the ourcome

A

SB - pt not aware of aims of study till taken part to reduce effcte od demand charcateristics

DB - 3rd party conduccts investigaiton without knwiing its main purpose reducing demand charctersitics and investigator affects therfore imporving validity

34
Q

IMPROVING VALIDITY - how can we improve it in questionnaires and psychological tests

A

incorporate a lie scale

assure repsondents all data submitted will remain anonymous

35
Q

IMPROVING VALIDITY - how are questionnaires/psych tests improved with lie scale

A

can assess consistency of a particpants repsonse and control for effects of social desirability bias

36
Q

observatinoal findings may have highe recological validity why

A

may be minimal interventino by researcher

espsesh case if observer remains undetected as in covert obsv

meaning behaviour of those observed likely to be naural and authentic

37
Q

IMPROVING VALIDITY - observations how can we imporve behaviorual categories

A

dont make em broad (narrow)

overllaping (dont overlap no cuddling and hugging)

ambigious(clear)

if they are cna have negative impact on validity of data collected

38
Q

IMPROVING VALIDITY - why are qualitative methods of research thought of as having higher ecological validity than more quanititative lessinterpreative research methods

A

depth and detail associated with case studies and interviews for examples is better able to reflect a pt reality

39
Q

IMPROVING VALIDITY - in qualitative research a researcher may still have to demonstrate

A

interpretive validity

40
Q

IMPROVING VALIDITY - what is interpretive validity in terms of qualitative research

A

extent to which researchers interpretation of events matches that of their particpants

41
Q

IMPROVING VALIDITY - how can we show interpretive validity in terms of qualitative research

A

coherence of researchers narrative and the inclusion of direct quotes from pt within the report

42
Q

IMPROVING VALIDITY - whats the final way we can ehance validity in qualitative research

A

triangulation

43
Q

IMPROVING VALIDITY - qualitative research - whats triangulation

A

use of a number of differnet sources as evidence

e.g data compiled through interviews with friends and family, perosnal diaries , obsv etc

PSYCHOLOGY Y2 (54 decks)

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