RESEARCH METHODS - features of sicence

Question 1

what are the 5 features of scinece

Answer 1

paradigms and paradigm shifts

theory construction and hypothesis testing

falsifiability

replicability

objecivity and empirical method

Question 2

PARADIGM AND PARADIGM SHIFTS

Question 3

What did kuhn suggest distinguishes scientific disciplines from non scientific disciplines

Answer 3

shared set of assumptions and methods - a paradigm

Question 4

what did kuhn suggest social scineces lack

Answer 4

a universally accepted paradigm

and are probably best seen as a prescience distinct from natural sciences such as biology

Question 5

how are natural scieces charcaterised

Answer 5

by having a numebr of pricnicpes at their core such as theory of evotion in biology

Question 6

why is psychology therfre seena s a prescience

Answer 6

marked by too much internal disagreement and has too many conflicitng approaches to qualify as a science

Question 7

according to kuhn hwen does progress within an established science occur

Answer 7

when theres a scientifc revolution

handful of researchers begin to question the accpeted paradigm

this critique begins to gain popularity and pace

eventually a pardigm shift occurs

Question 8

when does a paradigm shift begin to occur

Answer 8

when theres too much contradictory evidence ot ignore

Question 9

give example of a paradigm shift

Answer 9

change from newtonian paradigm in physics towards einsteins theory of relativity

Question 10

thoery construction and hyptohesis testing

Question 11

what is a thoery

Answer 11

set of general laws of principles that have ability to exlpain ptclr events or behahviours

Question 12

theory construction occcurs through

Answer 12

gathering evidence via direct observation

Question 13

give me exampe of theroy construction

Answer 13

i have a hunch stm got ltd capacoty based on obsv people struggle to remebr much when bomarded with info

a series of expermients eveal teh avg stm span is around 7+_2

good exmaple of a thory cause it proposes - simple and ecnomical orinciple which appears to reflect reality, it provides understanding by exlpaining regularities in behaviour

Question 14

an essential component of a thoeyr is that it ccan be

Answer 14

scientifically tested

Question 15

theories should suggest a number of

Answer 15

possuble hypotheses e.gberrys law suggests people will remebr 7 digit postcodes more effectivley than 14 digit mobile numbers

a hypothesis liek this cna be then be tested (hypothesis testing)

Question 16

how can a hypothesis be tested

Answer 16

using systematic and objective methods to determine whether it will be supported ir refuted

Question 17

a theory will be strengthened when

Answer 17

when using systematic and objective meethofds of hypothesis testing means its strenghtened/supported

Question 18

a theory will be revised or revissited when

Answer 18

when using systematic and objective methods of hypothesis testing measn tis refuted

Question 19

what is deduciton

Answer 19

process of deriving new hypothesis from an exiitng theory

Question 20

falsifiabilty