ISSUES AND DEBATES : - gender bias

Question 1

what is universality

Answer 1

when an idea can be applied to all people equally irrespective of gender and culture

Question 2

psych like all sciences aims to create theories that can be

Answer 2

universally applied across entire world

Question 3

universlaity theories that show similarites/differences between males and females without

Answer 3

devaluing either

Question 4

if research is fender biased researchersc ant claim

Answer 4

univesality

Question 5

what is a bias

Answer 5

distorrted view of the world

Question 6

what is gender bias

Answer 6

theory/research that offers a view that doesnt justifiably represent the eperience/behaviour of men and women

Question 7

why is gender bias quite important

Answer 7

if research study suffers from GB it can get in the way of theories claim to universality

Question 8

what is alpha bias

Answer 8

differencces are exaggerated between sexs

Question 9

alpha bias is most likely to devalue who

Answer 9

females

Question 10

give an example of alpha bias

Answer 10

sociobiological thiery of relationship means men can be sexually promiscous as theyre predetermined by thier genes therefore its normal , but women shouldnt as its abnormal and goes againsg thier nature and deemed as a bad thing

Question 11

what is beta bias

Answer 11

when the differnce betwen males and feales is minimised/ignored in theories and research

Question 12

give an example of beta bias

Answer 12

fight/flight research is based on male animals but assumed to be universal

but research shows females have evolved biologically to inhibit f/f tend and befriend

Question 13

wahat is the consequence of beta bias

Answer 13

androcentrism

Question 14

what is androcentrism

Answer 14

theories which are centred on/dominated by males

Question 15

androcentrism can be what 2 things

Answer 15

conscious - indi knows they behaving this way

unconcious - indi dont know they behaviong this wway

Question 16

give an example of a theory that suffers from androentrisism

Answer 16

asch conformity study had 123 male pt - which shows findigns for conformity dominated from a male pov

assumed at end of study his results would apply equally to females which is androcentric

Question 17

in the past what were most psychologists and particpants

Answer 17

males

Question 18

cause in the past most psych and pt wwere makes waht does this mean for thoeries, conclusions and what does this mean for women

Answer 18

theories produced represent a male POV of teh world

conclusions drawn from all amle sampe - classed as normal therefore anyhting that deviated from it would be considered abnormal

lead to femae behaviour being misunderstood/pathologised

Question 19

evals -explain solution to gender bias

by developing x of GB means psych put x a number of x
e.g psycholgiist have developed x that emphasise the x & x of women

x et al e.g research found women are x at learning as their more x and x

which emphasies x attribute and x of us women

which helps x/x gender x which is x in reducing gender bias

Answer 19

by developing understanding of GB means psych put forward a number of solutions

e.g psycholgiist have developed thoeriiesthat emphasise the imp & value of women

cornwell et al e.g research found women are better than learning as their more attentive and organised

which emphasies positive attribute and value of us women

which helps reduce/challenge gender stereotypes which is imp in reducing gender bias

Question 20

strenght of gender bias - avoiding beta bias

another x reason for avoiding x bias is it has x for women

on the xve side x treatment under the law has allowed women greater x to x and x opps

but arguing for equality between men and women draw x away form womens x needs and from differnces in x between men and x

in a society wehre x group holds x of the power , seemingly x actions end up benefiting the group with x

e.g equal x leave ignores x demands of x (childbirth, x) as ewll as x needs of women whihc therfore x them as got to keep pushing themselves and operating in the way men would which can cause x harm as well as x distress

Answer 20

another important reason for avoiding beta bias is it has consequnces for women

on the +ve side equal treatment under the law has allowed women greater access to edcuational and coocupational opps

but arguing for quality between men and women draw atetntion away form womens special needs and from differnces in powere between men and women

in a society wehre one group holds th emost of power , seemingly neutral actions end up benefiting the group with power

e.g equal parental leave ifnoe biological demands of pregnancy (childbirth, breastfeeding) as ewll as special needs of women whihc therfore disadvantages them as got to keep pushing themsleves and operatig in the way men woudl which can cuase physiological ham as well as distress

Question 21

limitaiton of gender bias - sexism in research

gender bias promotes x in research

women remain x in uni departments , particularly in x

although psych x intake is mainly x

lectureers in psych departments are more liekly ot be x

thi means researhc is more likely to be conducted by x and this may disadvantgae x who arex

e.g a male researcher may x women to be x and unable to omplete x x

such expectationa re likelt ot mean x x in research x

this means institutional x and x of psych may produce findinfs rhat are x biased

Answer 21

gender bias promotes sexism in research

women remain unerrepresented in uni departments , particularly in science

although psych undergrafuate intake is mainly women

lectureers in psych departments are more liekly ot be men

thi means researhc is more likely to be conducted by men and this may disadvantgae pt who are women

e.g a male researcher may expect women to be irratinoal and unable to omplete complex tasks

such expectationa re likelt ot mean women underperform in research studies

this means institutional structures and methods of psych may produce findinfs rhat are gender biased