DEALING WITH OFFENDING BEHAVIOUR - BEHAVIOUR MODIFICATION IN CUSTODY

Question 1

since all human behaviour is learned according to behavioursts it should be possible to

Answer 1

Unlearn a behaviour

Question 2

behaviour modifaction programmes are designed with the aim of

Answer 2

reinforcing obedient behaviours in offenders

whilst punishing disobedience

in hope obedient behaviours continue and disobedient behaviours die out

Question 3

behaviour modifaction programmes such as tken economies are based on

Answer 3

operant conditionsing

Question 4

in the walls of a prison what may desirable behviour be

Answer 4

avodiing confrontation

following prison rules

keeping cell orderly

Question 5

in a token eocn prisoners given a token eahc time

Answer 5

they perform a desirable behaviour

Question 6

each of desirable behaviours and rewards should be

Answer 6

made cleatr to pariticapnts before programme is implemetned

Question 7

what would happen if there was non compliance or disobedient behaviours

Answer 7

token and associated privileges being removed whihc is a form of punishemnt

Question 8

truw or false tokens arent rewarding int heselves

Answer 8

true

Question 9

what do token derive their vakue from

Answer 9

associatoin ith a reward so are called secondary reinforcers

Question 10

in a priosn tokens may be exchanged for x a

of whic are

becuase they are ..

Answer 10

call to loved one

which are primary reinforcers

becuase they are directly rewarding

Question 11

what ar ethe 3 steps in desigingin and using a token econony system

Answer 11

operaitonalise target behaviours

scoring system

train staff

Question 12

in a toek economy target behaviour is

Answer 12

opraiotnalsied

Question 13

in a token eocnomy how is target behaviour operationslised

Answer 13

by breaking it down into compeonent parts

Question 14

give exaple of target behaviour of improved interaction with prisoner inmates being broken down into compoennt parts

Answer 14

not touching another prisoner as you pas them

speaking politley to others

Question 15

units of behaviour should be what 3 things

Answer 15

objective

measurable

agreed with prison staff and inmates ina dvance

Question 16

in terms of scoring system what shoudl staff and orisoners be made aware of

Answer 16

the scoring system

and how much each particular behaviour is worth

Question 17

scoring system - behaviours are hierachal in the sense

Answer 17

some are regarded as more demanding than otehrs so recieive greater rewards

Question 18

give examples of behviours being hierachal

Answer 18

award more tokens to working cooperativley on a group task

than

not swearing

Question 19

some token econ systems may … whilst otehrs may

Answer 19

awad tokens directly

others may waarrd points which are converted to tokens

Question 20

regardless of whether tokens rewarded directly or converted point to tokens talk to em about ratios

Answer 20

reinforcemnt should outnumber punishments by a ratio

of

4:1

Question 21

why is it important prison staff are given full training

Answer 21

To implemetn the token economy sytem succesfully

Question 22

the aim is to standardise procedures so

Answer 22

all prion staff are rewardin same behaviorus in the same way

Question 23

staff must also record

Answer 23

when theyve awareded tokens

Question 24

why muststaff record when theyve awared tokens

Answer 24

so progress of individual prisoners can be assessed

Question 25

eval

Answer 25

easy to implement little rehabilitative value research support + counterevidence

Question 26

strength - easy to implement relativley x to set up in x the appeal fo bm e.g toekn economeis rests largely upon the x with whihc it cna be x thers no need for a x x to be inolved as there would for other x of reatmentsuch as x x rahter token eocn sstems can be x and x by virtually x in any x theyre also x x and easy to follow once x method to x have been x this suggests behaviour x techniques can be x in most prions and x by most prisoners

Answer 26

relativley straightforaward to set up in custody the appeal fo bm e.g toekn economeis rests largely upon the ease with whihc it cna be admnisteered thers no need for a specialist profesional to be inolved as there would for other forms of reatmentsuch as anger managmetn rahter token eocn sstems can be designed and iplemted by virtually anyone in any institution theyre also cost oeffective and easy to follow once workable method to reinforce have been estbalished this suggests behaviour mod techniques can be established in most prions and accessed by most prisoners

Question 27

limitatino little rehabilitative vlaue it may not affcet x term behaviour in the words of x behaviour modificaitno has little x value and any x changes in behaviour may occur whilst an offender is in x and x hwen they are x more x based treatments such as x x may be more likely to lead to x behavioural change such treatments require offender to x the x of their offending and take x for their own x in contrast offenders can easily x along iwth a x econ system in order to access x but this produces little x in their overall x this cna explain why once token eocn is x an offender may quickly x back to former x and maybe cognitive based x such as AM would be ore x

Answer 27

it may not affcet long term behaviour in the words of blackubrn behaviour modificaitno has little rehabilitative value an any positive changes in behaviour may occur whilst an offender is in rpisno and lost hwen they are released more cognitive based treatments such as anger managment may be more likely to lead to permanent behavioural change such treatments require offender to understnad the cuase of their offending and take responsiblity for their own rehabilitaiton in contrast offenders can easily play along iwth a token econ system in order to access rewards but this produces little change in their overall chacter this cna explain why once token eocn is discontinued an offender may quickly regress back to former habits and maybe cognitive based treatmetns such as AM would be ore successful

Question 28

evidence to supprot it strength strenght of BM is it has evidence to support it x and x introduce a token econ programme with groups of young offenders across x behavioural units and a x unit acted as a control they obsv a x difference in positive behaviour compared to the x token economy group furhter , x et al found a token econ programme used with young people with x problems was generally effcetive x thought there were still a numbe of young people hwo x repsond later these x were placed on speical programme where the x were more x and more x and the results were mroe x this suggest that token eocn systmes do x

Answer 28

strenght of BM is it has evidence to support it hobbs and holt introduce a token econ programme with groups of young offenders across three behavioural units and a fourth unit acted as a control they obsv a significant difference in positive behaviour compared to the non token economy group furhter , field et al foudn a token econ programme used with young people with brhavioural problems was generally effcetive even thought there were still a numbe of young people hwo didint repsond later these youths were placed on speical programme where the rewards were more immediate and more frequent and the results were mroe positive this suggest that token eocn systmes do work

Question 29

countrrreproint ot evidence x of such sytems does x on consitent approach from x staff x and x found any x were lost if staff applied the techniques x accordin to researchers this was due to factor susch as a x of x staff trianng or x staff x this suggets behaviour modifications schemes must x full and x staff participation if they are to x

Answer 29

success of such sytems does depend on consitent approach from prison staff basset and blanchard found any benefits were lost if staff applied the techniques inconsitently accordin to researchers this was due to factor susch as a lakc of appropriate staff trianng or high staff turnover this suggets behaviour modifications schemes must ensure full and consistent staff participation if they are to work