issues and debates - nature nurture

Question 1

what is the debate

Answer 1

centres on teh relative contribution sof genetic inheritance (nature) and environmental factoes (nurture) on humand evelopment

Question 2

what is nature

Answer 2

the view behaviour is a product of innate biological or genetic factors

Question 3

what is heredity

Answer 3

process in whihc traits are passed down from one generation to the next (gentic inheritance process)

Question 4

what is nurture

Answer 4

view that behaviour is the product of environental influences

Question 5

wht are nevironmentla infleunces

Answer 5

anthing that occurs outside human body e.g people, events, phsyical world

Question 6

what is teh interactionist approach

Answer 6

the view nature and nurture work together to shape human behaviours

Question 7

what is our nature exmaple

Answer 7

explanation of attachment bowlby theory

Question 8

what is our nurture exmaple

Answer 8

behaviour psychologist explantion of atrahcment

Question 9

explaon nature example

Answer 9

boelby proposed kids come into the orld biologically programmed to forma ttchments as this will help them to survive

this suggest sattahcment behaviour are naturally selected and passed on as a result of heredity mechanims

Question 10

sum up the nature example

Answer 10

behviour : attahcment

cause : innate biological facotrs

Question 11

explan nurture example

Answer 11

behavioural pscyhologist explain attahcment in tems of CC where food UCS is associated with mother NS and through many repeated pairings the mother becomes a CS who elicits CR in child

therfore child forms an attahcment based on pleasure exeprienced as a reusl tof being fed

Question 12

sum up nurture example

Answer 12

behaviour : attahcmnt

cause : classical conditioning whihc is learning environemtnal influence

Question 13

what is exmaple of interacitnosit approach

Answer 13

PKU phenylketonuria

Question 14

explain interactionsiat approach example

Answer 14

PKU cuased by inheritance of 2 recessive genes - cant brea down amino acid which builds up in blood and brain causng emtal retardation

but if kid put on low protein diet for first 12 years they would potetntially acoid serious lifelong disorder

nature (gentic inheriting genes) and nurture (hihg protein) got to work together for someone to experince the -ve effects of disorder

Question 15

what are our 3 eval poitns for 16 marker

Answer 15

nn debate has become a meaningless distinction - interaciotns approach maguire - neural plasticity - biopsych

interactionsist approach twin studies

diathesis stress model - real world application t treatmnets/models

Question 16

explain interactionist approach maguire

research sugegst the xx debate has become a x x and there is a x x of research which x the x of an x x

research examining x plasticity topic in biopsych suggests x x (nurture) shape our x (nature)
e.g maguire et al investigated hte x x of london taxi drivers compared ot xx drivers

x maguire conclided x x x (x) actually had an effect on the size of the x (x ) demonstraing the x of an x x and represenitng x where x can affect x

Answer 16

research sugegst the nn debate has becom e amenaigless distinction and there is a growing body of research which highlights the importance of an interactionsit appriach

research examining neural plasticity topic in biopsych suggests life expericnes (nurture) shape our biology (nature)
e.g maguire et al investigated hte hippocampi volume of london taxi drivers compared ot non taxi drivers
consequently maguire conclided driving a taxi (nurture) actually had an effect on the size of the hippocampi (nature) demonstraing the importance of an interactionsit approach and rpesenitng evidence where nurture can affect nature

Question 17

explain interactionist appriach twin studes and ocd

while x x are often used to provide x for the x argument x x twin studies highlight ehe need for an x x

a piece of research from psychoppthology topic by x et al examined x x x in relation to xxx
found an x x x of x% in xx twins and xx% in xx twins

highlighting a x x component

the results provide evidence of a strong x x as the CR of x twins is x x thna x twins which suggests behaviour is partly attributed to x cause xx twins share 100% of x x

x results also highlight hte x of x as xx not xxx% highlighting the x of taking an x x

Answer 17

explain interactionist appriach twin studes and ocd

while twin studies are often used to provide support for the nature argument nearly all twin studies highlight ehe need for an interactionsit approach

a piece of research from psychoppthology topic by nestadt et al examined previous twin studies in relation ot ocd
found an avg oncordance rate of 68% in MZ twins and 31% concordance rarte in DZ twins

highlighting a singifcna tgenetic ocmponent

the results provide evidence of a strong genetic compeont as the CR of MZ twins is significantly higher thna DZ twins which suggests behaviour is partly attributed to nature cause MZ twins share 100% of genetic relatedness

however results also highlight hte rile of nurture as CR not 100% highlighting the importance of taking an interactionist approach

Question 18

diathesis stress model point

most psychs beloeve we should consider x&x and therfore x an xx

one example is the x x x suggesting even though individuals can be born with x x e.g x for x it will only x if x by an xx

x has x not everyone with a x for x goes on to develop it suggsting x ones x is only x under x x of x

the interactinosiat approach has led to x of x and x taht ve x x our x and x of many x and x illnesses

Answer 18

most psychs beloeve we should consider n&n and therfore adopt an interactionsiat approahc

one example is the diathesis stress model suggesting even though we individuals can be born with biological vunerabilities e.g gene for depression it will only deelop if triggered by an environetal stressor

researhc has demonstrated note veryone with a gene for depression goes on to develop it suggsting instead ones nature is only expressed under certain conditions of nurture

the interactinosiat approach has led to developmtn of theories and models taht ve helped imporve our understanding and treatment of many phsyical and psychological illnesses