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PCM 1 > Resp. Drugs > Flashcards

Resp. Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Albuterol

A

Bronchodilator

Class:Adrenergic
Agonists, SABA

MOA:↑cAMP!relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle!bronchodilation

Inhalation minimizes systemic
side effects (poorly absorbed via the lungs

Uses: -DOC for acute relief of bronchospasm

Acute COPD/asthma attacks

AE:Tremors
Tachycardia
Arrhythmia
Hyperglycemia
Tolerance w/ excessive use
Paradoxical bronchospasm
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2
Q

Pirbuterol

A

Bronchodilator

Class:Adrenergic
Agonists, SABA

MOA:↑cAMP!relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle!bronchodilation

Inhalation minimizes systemic
side effects (poorly absorbed via the lungs

Uses: -DOC for acute relief of bronchospasm

Acute COPD/asthma attacks

AE:Tremors
Tachycardia
Arrhythmia
Hyperglycemia
Tolerance w/ excessive use
Paradoxical bronchospasm
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3
Q

Terbutaline

A

Bronchodilator

Class:Adrenergic
Agonists, SABA

MOA:↑cAMP!relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle!bronchodilation

Inhalation minimizes systemic
side effects (poorly absorbed via the lungs

Uses: -DOC for acute relief of bronchospasm

Acute COPD/asthma attacks

AE:Tremors
Tachycardia
Arrhythmia
Hyperglycemia
Tolerance w/ excessive use
Paradoxical bronchospasm
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4
Q

Salmeterol

A

Bronchodilator

Class:Adrenergic
Agonists, LABA

MOA:↑cAMP!relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle!bronchodilation

Inhalation minimizes systemic
side effects (poorly absorbed via the lungs

Uses: Long term control and prevention of sxs in
moderate-severe asthma/COPD when used in
combo w/ inhalational corticosteroids

Prevent exercise-induced bronchoconstriction
for 12-24hrs

AE:Tremors
Tachycardia
Arrhythmia
Hyperglycemia
Tolerance w/ excessive use
Paradoxical bronchospasm
Genetic
polymorphism in β2
receptors! risk of
worsening asthma,
exacerbations,
death
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5
Q

Formoterol

A

Bronchodilator

Class:Adrenergic
Agonists, LABA

MOA:↑cAMP!relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle!bronchodilation

Inhalation minimizes systemic
side effects (poorly absorbed via the lungs

Uses: Long term control and prevention of sxs in
moderate-severe asthma/COPD when used in
combo w/ inhalational corticosteroids

Prevent exercise-induced bronchoconstriction
for 12-24hrs

AE:Tremors
Tachycardia
Arrhythmia
Hyperglycemia
Tolerance w/ excessive use
Paradoxical bronchospasm
Genetic
polymorphism in β2
receptors! risk of
worsening asthma,
exacerbations,
death
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6
Q

Ipratropium

A

Bronchodilator

CLASS: Muscarinic Antagonists , Short acting

MOA:Competitively Blocks PSN! ↓bronchoconstriction &
↓mucous secretion

USES:-Asthma

-Prevents vagal mediated bronchoconstriction and drug induced bronchospasm

AE:-Dry mouth
-Caution in pts with glaucoma,
BPH and bladder neck
obstruction

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7
Q

Tiotropium

A

Bronchodilator

CLASS: Muscarinic Antagonists , Long acting

MOA:Competitively Blocks PSN! ↓bronchoconstriction &
↓mucous secretion

USES:COPD

AE:-Dry mouth
-Caution in pts with glaucoma,
BPH and bladder neck
obstruction

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8
Q

Theophylline

A

Bronchodilator

CLASS:Methylxanthine derivatives

MOA:Inhibit phosphodiesterase! ↑cAMP! bronchodilation

USES:Asthma; limited role d/t small therapeutic window

Prophylactic against nocturnal attacks!

AE:Tremor, Insomnia, GI distress
Hypokalemia
Hyperglycemia
Seizures & arrhythmias

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9
Q

Aminophylline

A

Bronchodilator

CLASS:Methylxanthine derivatives

MOA:Inhibit phosphodiesterase! ↑cAMP! bronchodilation

USES:Asthma; limited role d/t small therapeutic window

Prophylactic against nocturnal attacks!

AE:Tremor, Insomnia, GI distress
Hypokalemia
Hyperglycemia
Seizures & arrhythmias

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10
Q

Beclomethasone

A

Anti-inflammatory Agent

CLASS: Corticosteroids, Inhaled

MOA: Inhibit PLA2!↓ arachidonic acid!↓ synthesis of leukotrienes, cytokines, and prostaglandins

Bind to glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) in the nucleus!↓inflammation

Prevents remodeling of respiratory tract

USES:DOC for prophylaxis of asthma

AE:Cough
Oral thrush
Dysphonia
Pharyngeal candidiasis

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11
Q

Fluticasone

A

Anti-inflammatory Agent

CLASS: Corticosteroids, Inhaled

MOA: Inhibit PLA2!↓ arachidonic acid!↓ synthesis of leukotrienes, cytokines, and prostaglandins

Bind to glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) in the nucleus!↓inflammation

Prevents remodeling of respiratory tract

USES:DOC for prophylaxis of asthma

AE:Cough
Oral thrush
Dysphonia
Pharyngeal candidiasis

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12
Q

Budesonide

A

Anti-inflammatory Agent

CLASS: Corticosteroids, Inhaled

MOA: Inhibit PLA2!↓ arachidonic acid!↓ synthesis of leukotrienes, cytokines, and prostaglandins

Bind to glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) in the nucleus!↓inflammation

Prevents remodeling of respiratory tract

USES:DOC for prophylaxis of asthma

AE:Cough
Oral thrush
Dysphonia
Pharyngeal candidiasis

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13
Q

Flunisolide

A

Anti-inflammatory Agent

CLASS: Corticosteroids, Inhaled

MOA: Inhibit PLA2!↓ arachidonic acid!↓ synthesis of leukotrienes, cytokines, and prostaglandins

Bind to glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) in the nucleus!↓inflammation

Prevents remodeling of respiratory tract

USES:DOC for prophylaxis of asthma

AE:Cough
Oral thrush
Dysphagia
Pharyngeal candidiasis

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14
Q

Dexamethasone

A

Anti-inflammatory Agent

CLASS: Corticosteroids, IV

MOA: Inhibit PLA2!↓ arachidonic acid!↓ synthesis of leukotrienes, cytokines, and prostaglandins

Bind to glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) in the nucleus!↓inflammation

Status asthmaticus (Severe refractory asthma)

-TXT chronic rhinitis (beclomethasone and
flunisolide)!effects not seen for 2 wks
-Dexamethasone before birth for prophylaxis of
RDS

Prevents remodeling of respiratory tract

USES:DOC for prophylaxis of asthma

AE:Abnormal glucose metabolism↑appetite, weight gain, HTN, adrenal suppression

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15
Q

Prednisolone

A

Anti-inflammatory Agent

CLASS: Corticosteroids, IV

MOA: Inhibit PLA2!↓ arachidonic acid!↓ synthesis of leukotrienes, cytokines, and prostaglandins

Bind to glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) in the nucleus!↓inflammation

Status asthmaticus (Severe refractory asthma)

-TXT chronic rhinitis (beclomethasone and
flunisolide)!effects not seen for 2 wks
-Dexamethasone before birth for prophylaxis of
RDS

Prevents remodeling of respiratory tract

USES:DOC for prophylaxis of asthma

AE:Abnormal glucose metabolism↑appetite, weight gain, HTN, adrenal suppression

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16
Q

Zileuton

A

Anti-inflammatory Agent

CLASS: Leukotriene Inhibitors

MOA:Inhibits 5- lipoxygenase

USE:-Prevent exercise-induced asthma up to 24hrs in 50% of patients
-Prevent antigen and aspirin induced asthma

AE:Elevated liver enzymes

17
Q

Zafirlukast

A

Anti-inflammatory Agent

CLASS: Leukotriene Inhibitors

MOA:LTD4 receptor antagonist

USE:-Prevent exercise-induced asthma up to 24hrs in 50% of patients
-Prevent antigen and aspirin induced asthma

AE:Vasculitis and systemic
eosinophilia resembling
Churg-Strauss (rare)

18
Q

Montelukast

A

Anti-inflammatory Agent

CLASS: Leukotriene Inhibitors

MOA:LTD4 receptor antagonist

USE:-Prevent exercise-induced asthma up to 24hrs in 50% of patients
-Prevent antigen and aspirin induced asthma

AE:Vasculitis and systemic
eosinophilia resembling
Churg-Strauss (rare)

19
Q

Omalizumab

A

Anti-inflammatory Agent

CLASS: Antibody

MOA:Binds to IgE on sensitized mast cells! prevent activation and
release of LTs + other mediators

USES:Prophylactic mgmt. of severe refractory asthma
when inhaled corticosteroids are inadequate (pts
older than 12)

AE:Anaphylaxis

20
Q

Cromolyn

A

Anti-inflammatory Agent

CLASS:Release inhibitors

MOA: Unknown!↓release of
mediators from mast cells
Not for acute attacks

USES:Ophthalmic, nasopharyngeal and
gastrointestinal allergy
Rarely used for prophylaxis of asthma

AE:Infrequent laryngeal edema
Cough
Wheezing
Nedocromil!unpleasant
taste
21
Q

Nedocromil

A

Anti-inflammatory Agent

Anti-inflammatory Agent

CLASS:Release inhibitors

MOA: Unknown!↓release of
mediators from mast cells
Not for acute attacks

USES:Ophthalmic, nasopharyngeal and
gastrointestinal allergy
Rarely used for prophylaxis of asthma

AE:Infrequent laryngeal edema
Cough
Wheezing
Nedocromil!unpleasant
taste
22
Q

Codeine

A

Cough and Rhinitis

CLASS:Opioids

MOA: Act via G proteins! depress CNS cough center

USES:Acute debilitating cough (Wakes up from sleep)
↓cough reflex

23
Q

Dextromethorphan

A

Cough and Rhinitis

CLASS:Opioids

MOA: Act via G proteins! depress CNS cough center

USES:Acute debilitating cough (Wakes up from sleep)
↓cough reflex

24
Q

N-acetylcysteine

NAC

A

Cough and Rhinitis

CLASS:Mucolytic agent

MOA:Breaks disulfide bonds in mucus

USES:Mgmt. of acetaminophen OD CF

25
Q

Diphenhydramine

A

Cough and Rhinitis

CLASS: H1 antagonist, 1st Gen.

MOA:Competitive H1
inhibitors!blocks histamine
release

USES:Hay fever, angioedema, motion sickness, oral OTC sleep aide, parenteral for dystonias Allergic rhinitis

AE:Sedation and anticholinergic
effects

26
Q

Chlorpheniramine

A

Cough and Rhinitis

CLASS: H1 antagonist, 1st Gen.

MOA:Competitive H1
inhibitors!blocks histamine
release

USES:Hay fever, angioedema, motion sickness, oral OTC sleep aide, parenteral for dystonias Allergic rhinitis

AE:Sedation and anticholinergic
effects

27
Q

Loratadine

A

Cough and Rhinitis

CLASS: H1 antagonist, 2nd Gen.

MOA:Competitive H1
inhibitors!blocks histamine
release

USES:Hay fever, angioedema, Allergic rhinitis

28
Q

Fexofenadine

A

Cough and Rhinitis

CLASS: H1 antagonist, 2nd Gen.

MOA:Competitive H1
inhibitors!blocks histamine
release

USES:Hay fever, angioedema, Allergic rhinitis

29
Q

Cetirizine

A

Cough and Rhinitis

CLASS: H1 antagonist, 2nd Gen.

MOA:Competitive H1
inhibitors!blocks histamine
release

USES:Hay fever, angioedema, Allergic rhinitis

30
Q

Phenylephrine

A

Cough and Rhinitis

CLASS: a-agonist

MOA: Binds to a1 and a2 receptors

USES:Decongestant
Mydriasis
Neurogenic hypotension

AE:HTN
Stroke
MI

PCM 1 (157 decks)

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