17. Cardiovascular Pathology I

Question 1

A 56 year old man comes to the doctor complaining of fatigue and chest pain. He has swollen ankles and presents with difficulty breathing when laying down. On examination it found he has a diastolic murmur. Ultrasound is preformed and it confirmed that he has Aortic Stenosis. What is not descriptive of this condition?

A. Significant hypertrophy without increase in thickness of the walls.
B. Formation of new sarcomeres in-parallel
C. Causes induction of genes coding for proteins
D.Eccentric Hypertrophy
E. Relative Decrease in capillary density

RFA

Answer 1

Ans- B. Formation of new sarcomeres in-parallel.

There are two patterns of Hypertrophy Concentric & Eccentric

Eccentric Hypertrophy- is due to volume overload (Aortic regurgitation), new sarcomeres are added in series with existing sarcomeres, Significant hypertrophy w/o any increase in thickness of the walls,muscle mass increases proportional to chamber dilation

Concentric hypertrophy- Pressure overload (HTN, Aortic Stenosis), NEW SARCOMERES ADDED IN PARALLEL, increased wall thickness and decreased diameter of cavity

C & E both are just description of general hypertrophy

Question 2

A 45 year old white man is diagnosed with right heart failure what is a complication associated with issue?

A. Hypoxic encephalopathy 
B. Acute Tubular Necrosis 
C. Pulmonary edema
D.  Enlargement of Spleen
E.  Brown induration of the Lungs

RFA

Answer 2

ANS. D Enlargement of spleen - all other sign of left side heart failure