27. Hemodynamic Disorders

Question 1

A 62 year old man is found to have increased hydrostatic pressure. What could have causes this issue?

A. Congestive Heart Failure
B. Angiogenesis 
C. Acute Inflammation 
D. Malnutrition 
E.Post Surgical complication 

RFA

Answer 1

Ans. A Congestive Heart Failure- would cause increased hydrostatic pressure

B.Angiogenesis- causes altered membrane permeability

C.Acute Inflammation- causes altered membrane permeability

D. Malnutrition- would causes reduced albumin causing reduced plasma oncotic pressure

E.Post surgical complication- usually cause lymphatic obstruction classic example lymphatic swelling after breast cancer surgery

Question 2

A man is rushed hospital due to a herniation in his brain. He has impaired ocular movements and pupillary dilation. Which location of the brain are in danger of hemorrhaging?

A. Medulla oblongata
B. Pons
C. Cingulate Gyrus
D. Frontal Lobe
E. Optical Lobe

RFA

Answer 2

Ans. B Pons- Since oculomotor movement was lost can reason that CN III was damaged, This is due to a Transtentorial(Uncal) herniation causing displacement of the temporal lobe. This kinda of herniation can also cause hemorrhage in the midbrain or pons

A Medulla Oblongata- is a tonsillar herniation through the foramen magnum would cause respiratory arrest

C. Cingulate Gyrus- The would be a subfalcine herniation that would compress the brancher of the anterior cerebral arteries. Patient would present with weakness and sensory loss in the legs

D & E are distractors we haven’t talked about a specific herniation of those areas

Question 3

Any vignette that has sx of chest pain, dyspnea, and says they have edema and that they “felt better after sitting up” is going to point to which mechanism of edema? (MG)

A. Inc hydrostatic pressure
B. Dec plasma oncotic pressure
C. Lymphatic obstruction
D. Altered membrane permeability

Answer 3

A. Inc hydrostatic pressure

Heart sx from congestive heart failure
They feel better after sitting up bc their have impaired venous return and gravity makes it worse when lying flat

Question 4

Reduced GFR, RAAS axis changes, and sodium retention are all characteristics of which condition that can occur with edema? (MG)

A. Right side heart failure
B. Left side heart failure
C. Aldosterone antagonists
D. Diuretic use

Answer 4

B. Left side heart failure

treat with aldosterone antagonists and diuertics

and salt restriction