parentals Flashcards
advantages
rapid action
good when unconscious
disadvantages
needle- stick injury
The IV route has ….. % drug absorption
100
why can w/oil emulsion not be given
block blood vessels
what does hypertonic and extreme ph cause
inflammation and pain at injection site
is intra-atrial more invasive than veins
yes
what does intradermal go between
epidermis and dermis
what volume can be given between intradermal
up to 0.2ml
problem with intradermal
slow absorption
what does SC go between
loose connective and adipose tissue
as the SC route is highly vascularised what does this mean
absorption is rapid
what volume can be given SC
up to 1ml
in IM where are the normal locations of injection
bum
thigh
in IM what is the volume of injection
4
disadvantages of IM
slow absorption
volume given in intratheoncal injection
10
in intraspinal all the injections are what
isotonic aqueous solutions
intra-articular injections are given where
synovial fluid
are intra-articular fluids suitable for aqueous solution and suspension
yes
endotoxins are …………. found in ……… membrane of gram …….. bacteria
lipopolysaccharide
outer
negative
all parental must be free of
pyrogen/ endotoxinsative
what formulations don’t have to be free of visible particles
suspension
IM
SC
Intra-articular
why do they have to be free of particles
any suspended particles will flow through venous blood and prevent blood flow
in a solution what should not be seen
particles
in an emulsion what should not be seen
cream/cracks
suspensions are readily …….. on shaking
re-suspended
what do aqueous injections for multiple- dosing must contain
antimicrobial preservative
when are preservatives not used in injections
if dose volume >15ml
infusions have no ……
preservatives
infusions have ………. as a …….. phase
water
continuous
what is an acceptable ph
3-9
