clinical biochem 2

Question 1

kidney functions

Answer 1

excrete waste
maintain ECF
produce and excrete some hormones

Question 2

the kidney has …………. filters which exchange ….. and solute to ……….. balance

Answer 2

passive
water
maintain

Question 3

what is retained in circulations

Answer 3

protein and LMW

Question 4

what is the GFR

Answer 4

120ml/min

Question 5

for renal function what important calculation is needed

Answer 5

GFR

Question 6

why is creatine a proxymarker for GFR

Answer 6

not completely filtered by kidney and not reabs

Question 7

what are the parameters for Cockcroft-Gault equation

Answer 7

50-20ml /min= mid impair
20-10ml/ min= moderate
<10ml/ min= severe

Question 8

why is he equation inaccurate

Answer 8

-significant muscle wastage

Question 9

urea is produced in the …….. following deamination of ………..

Answer 9

liver

AA

Question 10

urea is a major loss of …… from the body

Answer 10

N2

Question 11

some urea is reabsored by …………….. …………. ………..

Answer 11

passive
tubular
reabsorption

Question 12

normal conc of urea is

Answer 12

2.5-6.6 mmol/L

Question 13

urea is increased by

Answer 13

dehydration
infections
gastric blood loss
high dietry protein intake

Question 14

urea is decreased by

Answer 14

low protein diet
dialysis
loss of hepatic function oedema

Question 15

serum potassium levels important as they influence

Answer 15

membrane potential

Question 16

intracellular serum K

Answer 16

3.5-5.3 mmol/L

Question 17

when Na is actively reabsored what does K do

Answer 17

moves into filtrate to balance membrane potential

Question 18

what else can move with K

Answer 18

H ions

Question 19

what does the movement of H ion depend on

Answer 19

ability of tubular cells to sec H +

Question 20

acidosis is termed

Answer 20

hyperkalaemia

Question 21

alkalosis

Answer 21

hypokalaemia

Question 22

if you drink a lot of water brain will make ….. ADH and a ….. volume of water is reabsorbed by kidneys

Answer 22

less

low

Question 23

for hyponatremia to occur what is the Na conc in serum

Answer 23

serum Na < 135mmol/L

Question 24

why does hyponatraemia occur

Answer 24

due to defective homeostatic mechanisms

Question 25

hyponatraemia is usually an excess of ………. relative to ……..

Answer 25

water

Na