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Psych Aqa > nervous System and endo ao1 > Flashcards

nervous System and endo ao1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Difference between nervous and endocrine

A

Nervous - transmits electrical impulse, short lasting, quicker, temporary and localised
Endocrine - transmits hormones (chemical messengers) in the blood stream, longer lasting, slower, more localised and wide

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2
Q

A Hormone is …

A

Chemical substances circulate in bloodstream only affecting target organs produced in large quantities and disappear quickly
Affect cells w receptors specific to hormone on it

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3
Q

What is HPA axis

A

a system that directly influences the endocrine system to active the stress response

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4
Q

Describe HPA axis

A
  • When the brain interprets a stressor, the hypothalamus produces a hormone CRF
  • stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete ACTH - stimulates the adrenal cortex, part of the adrenal glands. The adrenal cortex then secretes corticosteroids, which help to increase energy levels.
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5
Q

Role of pituarty gland

A

Regulate endocrine system

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6
Q

Adrenal glands

A

Flight or fight
Adrenaline or cortisol
Adrenaline medulla
Adrenal cortex

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7
Q

Testes

A

Sexual and reproductive dev
Testosterone

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8
Q

Ovaries

A

Oestrogen
Progesterone

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9
Q

Oestrogen

A

Male and female sex hormone
More in females
Puberty menstrual cycle pregnancy and bone strength
Maintaing cholesterol and brain heart and skin

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10
Q

Progesterone

A

Prepares endometrium for potential for pregnancy after ovulation
Thickens endometrium for egg
Prohibits muscle contraction which would cause rejection of egg

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11
Q

Pineal gland

A

Melatonin

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12
Q

Pituitary gland sepeated into 2 lobes

A

Anterior lobe (front)
Prosterior (rear)

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13
Q

Anterior lobe

A

Created adrenal tropic hormone

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14
Q

Posterior lobe - what hormone and what does the hormone do

A

Oxytocin
Rise during physical contact w another human
And maternal horome large amounts rel during childbirth and rel of milk during breast feeding

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15
Q

Parts of adrenal gland and what do they produce

A

Adrenal medulla ~ adrenaline and noradrenaline
Adrenal cortex - cortisol

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16
Q

Cortisol

A

Stim release of glucose to provide body with energy and suppressing immune system
More cortisol when stressed

17
Q

Testes release

A

Androgens and testosterone

18
Q

Testosterone

A

Dev of male sex characteristics during puberty and promoting muscle growth

19
Q

ACTH hormone

A

Released by pituitary gland
Tiggers adrenal gland to release adrenaline and cortisol

20
Q

Noradrenaline

A

Supports the nervous system to engage the Brain for a fight or flight

21
Q

Sympathetic NS

A

Prepared the body for rapid action associated with fight of flight

22
Q

Feedback loop

A

Cortisol levels are monitored so that CRH and ACTH production is inhibited if cortisol is too high

23
Q

Human nervous system is separated into the…

A

Peripheral nervous system
Central nervous system

24
Q

The central nervous system is split into the…

A

Brain and the spinal cord

25
Q

The peripheral nervous system is split into the..

A

Autonomic nervous system
Somatic nervous system

26
Q

Autonomic nervous system is split into …

A

Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system

27
Q

Struc and function of brain

A

Centre of awareness
Divided into right and left hemisphere

28
Q

Struc and function of spinal cord

A

Transports message to and from the brain to the pns
Responsible for reflexes

29
Q

Function of somatic ns

A

Receives info from senses and transmits it to the CNS
Also transmits info from the cns to direct movement of muscles

30
Q

Function of autonomic ns

A

Responsible for vital functions eg heart and breathing rate
Sexual arousal
Digestion

31
Q

Parasympathetic and sympathetic ns needed for what response

A

Fight or flight

32
Q

What is endocrine system

A

Works alongside ns to control vital functions
System of glands which releases hormones into the blood

33
Q

Describe how systems work together during fight or flight

A

The endocrine and ANS often work in parallel with one another eg during a stressful event
When a stressor is perceived the hypothalamus triggers the sympathetic nervous system and the autonomic NS changes from the parasympathetic state (resting state) to the sympathetic state
Adrenaline rel from adrenal medulla into bloodstream = physical arousal needed for fight or flight
Once threat has passed parasympathetic NS returns body to natural resting state

34
Q

When body in sympathetic state…

A
  • increased heart rate
  • increased breathing rate
  • pupils dilate
  • less blood flow to less needed mechanisms like digestion and salivation
35
Q

Parasympathetic state leads to

A
  • decreased heart rate
  • decreased breathing rate
  • dilates pupils
  • blood flow returns to less needed mechanisms returns to normal (digestion/salivation)

Psych Aqa (131 decks)

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