animal studies of attachment ao1

Question 1

What 2 ethologists conducted animal studies into attachment

Answer 1

Lorenz and Harlow

Question 2

When did Lorenz carry out his research

Answer 2

1952

Question 3

What phenomenon did Lorenz observe

Answer 3

Imprinting

Question 4

What is imprinting

Answer 4

Bird species that are mobile from birth ;eg ducks
Attach and follow the first moving object they see

Question 5

Procedure Lorenz research

Answer 5

Set up experiment where he randomly divided goose eggs
Half hatched with mother goose in natural environment
Other half hatched in incubator where the first moving obj they saw was Lorenz

Question 6

Findings of Lorenz research

Answer 6

Incubator group followed Lorenz everywhere whereas control group hatched in oresnse of mother followed her
When 2 groups mixed up expirmental followed and imprinted on Lorenz and control followed and imprinted on mother goose

Question 7

Findings of Lorenz research - whag did he find out about imprinting

Answer 7

He identified a critical period in which imprinting must take place depending on species this could be at birth or a few hours after
If imprinting didn’t occur in that time Lorenz found chicks did not attach them selves to a mother figure

Question 8

what other kind of imprinting did lorenz find

Answer 8

sexual imprinting

Question 9

how did lorenz investigate sexual imprinting (hint case study)

Answer 9

he observed that birds that imprinted on a human would often display later courtship to humans
in case study (1952) described a peakcock reared in a reptile house where the first moving obj seen was a giant tortiose
as an adult this peackcok would only direct courtship beh toward these tortioses so he concluded peackcok underwent sexual imprinting

Question 10

what animal did harlow do his research on

Answer 10

rhesus monkeys

Question 11

what “phenomemon” did harlow observe

Answer 11

importance of contact comfort - he observed new born monkeys - if they were in a cage alone they usually died but usually survived if they had something soft to cuddle

Question 12

describe harlow procedure

Answer 12

tested idea that soft obj can serve as some function of a mother
he reared 16 baby monkeys with 2 wire model mothers - 2 conditions plain wire mother dispensing food, cloth covered mother with no food

Question 13

when did harlow do his research

Answer 13

1958

Question 14

describe findings of harlows research

Answer 14

baby monkeys cuddled and showed pref to cloth covered
and sought comfort to them when frightend over the plain wire mother regardless of which mother dispensed milk
so thus contact beh was of more importance of monkeys than food in terms of attachment

Question 15

what else did harlow study in monkeys

Answer 15

maternal deprivation

Question 16

what did harlow find ab moneksy who had maternal deprivation

Answer 16

monkeys w plain wire mum were most dysfunctional
even monkeys with cloth covered did not dev normal social beh

Question 17

describe characteristics of maternally deprived moneky

Answer 17

more aggressive
less socialable than other monkeys
bred less
werent skilled in mating
when these monkeys became mothers they neglecyed their babies and others attacked them

Question 18

what did harlow find for critical period for normal dev

Answer 18

fond critical period for normal dev for attachment formation
mother figure must be introduced within 90 days
after this attachment impossible and early deprivation damage