depression ao1 Flashcards
What is DSM -5
shows Categories of depression
3 main types of depression in dsm 5 and difference between them
major depressive disorder
persistent depressive disorder
premenstrual dysmorphic disorder
persistent is more long term and recurring major dep disorder isnt
4 behavioural characteristics of depression
reduced activity levels
distruption to sleep and eating
aggression
self harm
3 emotional characteristics of depression
lowered mood
lowered self esteem
anger
3 cognitive characteristvs of depression
Poor concentration-
person suffering from depression can have poor levels of concentration, where they are unable to stick with a specific task or they find it hard to make decisions
Attending to and dwelling on the negative-
person suffering holds unrealistic expectations about themselves and their relationships
Absolutist thinking
person suffering from depression is likely to think that everything will turn out badly and there is no hope. This is sometimes called ‘black and white thinking.’
2 cognitive explanations of depression and who
becks cognitive theory
ellis abc model
when did beck propose cog triad
1976
3 parts to becks cog triad?
1- faulty information processing
2- negative self schema
3- the negative triad
explain faulty info processcing
This explanation refers to when individuals with depression tend to focus on the negative aspects of a situation and ignore the positive. They are prone to distorting and misinterpreting information, a process known as cognitive bias.
what 2 cog biases did beck specify
over generalisations
catastrophising
give example for overgeneralusations
I’ve failed one end of unit test and therefore I’m going to fail ALL of my AS exams!’
give example for catastrophising
exaggerating a minor setback and believe that it’s a complete disaster, for example: ‘I’ve failed one end of unit test and therefore I am never going to study at University or get a good job!’
explain negative self schema
A schema is a mental shortcut designed to help us deal with the information around us. These schemas develop through life experience.
Self-schema is a mental shortcut of information people have about themselves.
People use schemas to interpret the world around them therefore, if a person has a negative self-schema they interpret the information about themselves in a negative way.
could lead to cognitive biases
describe neg triad
Beck suggested that a person develops a dysfunctional view of themselves because of three types of negative thinking that occur automatically. This happens regardless of the reality. This is called the negative triad.
3 parts of neg triad
Negative view of the world - word is full obstacles .
Negative view of the future. - there is no way the future will get bwtter
Negative view of self. - i am worthless
when did ellis find abc model
1962