cognitive approach ao1

Question 1

when was cogntive approach developed

Answer 1

1950s
dominated for around 50 years

Question 2

cog approach basic assumptions

Answer 2

internal and mental processes should be studied scientfically
processes studied indirectly via inferences
processes private and not obervable

Question 3

processes in cog app

Answer 3

perception
attention
memory
lang
thinking
all concern prev ignored areas

Question 4

ways of studying in cog app

Answer 4

case studies of brain injured patients
lab studies
mri
testing theortical and computer models

Question 5

theoritical model

Answer 5

eg info processifg model (IPA)
seq of stages
input storage retrival -> MSM
diag rep steps involved in internal mental processes

Question 6

computer model

Answer 6

metaphor of brain/mind
input - take in info
output - we recall when needed
computer simulations of mental processes

Question 7

schema

Answer 7

mental shortcut that represents aspect of world
persons belifs or expectations
acts as cognitive framework aiding us in interpreting outside world
Quickly interpret vasts amount of info

Question 8

how does schema dev with age

Answer 8

motor schema eg reflexes
they dev through expirences w environment to respond appropriatley

Question 9

downsides of schema

Answer 9

perceptual error - innaccurate mem
- distort interpretation of sensory info
- biased recall
incorrect interpretations - due to steryotypes eg distorted eyewitness testimony
neg/faulty schema - -ve impact on mental health

Question 10

emergence of cog neuroscience

Answer 10

scientfic study on how brain structures influence mental processes
how neurotransmitters effect behaviour
how brain struc effect emotion

Question 11

paul broca 1860 found…

Answer 11

left frontal lobe as brocas area
damage to this lead to impaired speech producted

Question 12

maguire london taxi drivers
1) procedure
2) findings

Answer 12

1) A natural experiment.
Using an MRI scanner, the researchers calculated the amount of grey matter in the brains of taxi drivers and a set of control participants.
2) The posterior hippocampi of taxi drivers were significantly larger relative to those of controls and posterior hippocampal volume was positively correlated with the amount of time they had spent taxi driving.

Question 13

old woman young woman study

Answer 13

ppts shown image of both old and young woman
ppl agred 18-30 more likely to see young
older than 30 more likely too see old woman

Question 14

how could findings from maguire help

Answer 14

could help alzheimers victims rebuild mem

Question 15

tech like fmri impact

Answer 15

scientits neurologically describe mental processes
eg tulving 1944 found locations of episodic and semantic mem

Question 16

using brain fingerprinting - mapping tech

Answer 16

analayse brain wave patterns during eyewitness testimony to see if false

Question 17

braver et al

Answer 17

possible loc of central executive

Question 18

improved scanning tech ..

Answer 18

establish neurological basis for mental disorders like ocd, alzheimers, depression

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the aim of cognitive .
A) to relate mental processes to brain structures
B) to relate theoretical models to mental
processes
C) to use biological terms to explain behaviour
D) to use computers to explain mental
processes

Answer 19

A

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the cognitive approach is FALSE?
A) Inferences about internal mental
processes are made on the basis of
behaviour.
B) Internal mental processes are studied
scientifically.
C) Mental processes are studied directly by
making inferences.
D) Theoretical and computer models are
used to help explain mental processes.

Answer 20

C