Forensics: Behaviour Modification Ao1

Question 1

Token economy systems (TEPs) are used to obtain …

Answer 1

desirable behaviour in closed institutions such as prisons, and they are used for juvenile and adult offenders in custody

Question 2

Token economies are a form of …

Answer 2

Behaviour modification

Question 3

What is behaviour modification and what principles is it based upon?

Answer 3

they reinforce obedient behaviour and punish disobedient behaviours with the views to making a behaviour change!
•Therefore, they are based on the principles of operant conditioning

Question 4

How does Token economy work?

Answer 4

Rewards are usually tokens or points (secondary reinforcers), and these can be periodically exchanged for something that the individual wants (primary reinforcers).
•This is an important part of the programme as the rewards must genuinely reward the person.

Question 5

Once a prisoner gets a token can it be taken away

Answer 5

Tokens and the associated privileges can be removed for negative behaviour; this is a form of punishment.

Question 6

What must be implemented before programme starts for token economies

Answer 6

•Each of the behaviours and rewards would be made clear to the prisoners before the programme is implemented.

Question 7

Behaviours are changed in …

Answer 7

Behaviours are changed in increments (shaping), so that desirable behaviours (e.g. avoiding conflict) are broken down into small steps (e.g. working positively in a group, walking away when provoked etc.) which can be reinforced a step at a time

Question 8

All those who come into contact with offenders must folloe what regime

Answer 8

Selective reinforment
Eg desirable beh broken down into small steps which are reinforced eg walking away when provoked, communicating effectively and positively

Question 9

What is a conjugal visit

Answer 9

A conjugal visit is a scheduled visit in which an inmate of a prison is permitted to spend several hours or days in private with a visitor, usually their partner. The parties may engage in sexual activity.

Question 10

Are conjugal visits legal or illegal in the uk and what did D’Alessio 2012 say about them

Answer 10

•Illegal in the UK

•May reduce sexual and physical violence in prisons (D’Alessio 2012)