cultural variations in attachment ao1

Question 1

define culture

Answer 1

norms and values that exist in any group of people

Question 2

who studied cultural variations in 1988

Answer 2

van ijsendoorn and kroonenberg

Question 3

aim of i and j study

Answer 3

investigate cross cultural variations in attachment
proportions of secure, insecure-avoidant and resistant attachment across cultures

Question 4

procedure of i + j

Answer 4

meta analysis of 32 studies across 8 different that had used ainsworths strange situation
results of 1990 infants included

Question 5

procedure of i and j -they took studies from 8 different countries … how many were done in the US

Answer 5

15 studies were done in the US

Question 6

findings of i and j - what is the most common type of attachment

Answer 6

secure attachment was the most common attachmeent type across all 8 countries (50-75%) follwed by avoidant and resistant

Question 7

findings of i and j - percentages of insecure resistant in comparison to ainworths ss

Answer 7

other individualistic cultures rates of insecure res were similar to ainsworths og sample all had under 14% eg -germany had the highest level of insecure avoidant attachment
this wasnt true for collectivist samples eg china, israel and germany where rates of insecure res were all over 25% and insecure avoidant as rduced

Question 8

findings of i and j -
insecure avoidant was the least common in _______ and the most common in ________

Answer 8

insecure avoidant was the least common in japan and the most common in germany

Question 9

findings of i + j
variation within cultures statistic

Answer 9

variation within cultures was 150% more than variations between cultures

Question 10

explain how culture differnces lead to germany having the highest insecure avoidnat childrne

Answer 10

germany is an individualistic culture they prioritise individual indepence autonomy over the groups so behaviours seen as in av are veiwed positively
in fact grossman et al 1985 found that germans desire independent non clingy infants

Question 11

explain why japan had the highest insecure resistat attachment type

Answer 11

collectivist culture which priortieses group and community over the individuals
whereby babies are always physically close to their mothers and mothers rarely leave babies alone
whereby takhashi 1990 found that children became extremely distressed when left alone with 32% of children having insecure resistant attachment