cultural variations in attachment ao1 Flashcards
define culture
norms and values that exist in any group of people
who studied cultural variations in 1988
van ijsendoorn and kroonenberg
aim of i and j study
investigate cross cultural variations in attachment
proportions of secure, insecure-avoidant and resistant attachment across cultures
procedure of i + j
meta analysis of 32 studies across 8 different that had used ainsworths strange situation
results of 1990 infants included
procedure of i and j -they took studies from 8 different countries … how many were done in the US
18 studies were done in the US
findings of i and j - what is the most common type of attachment
secure attachment was the most common attachmeent type across all 8 countries (50-75%) follwed by avoidant and resistant
findings of i and j - percentages of insecure avoidant in germany and japan
germany had the highest insecure avoidant (35%)
japan had the lowest insecure avoidant (5%)
findings of i and j - which countries had higher insecure resistant rates compared to the countries
israel
china
japan
findings of i + j
variation within cultures statistic
variation within cultures was 150% more than variations between cultures
explain how culture differnces lead to germany having the highest insecure avoidnat childrne
germany is an individualistic culture they prioritise individual indepence autonomy over the groups so behaviours seen as in -ve are veiwed positively
in fact grossman et al 1985 found that germans desire independent non clingy infants
explain why japan had the highest insecure resistat attachment type
collectivist culture which priortieses group and community over the individuals
whereby babies are always physically close to their mothers and mothers rarely leave babies alone
whereby takhashi 1990 found that children became extremely distressed when left alone with 32% of children having insecure resistant attachment
