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Pathophysiology > module 7 hormones > Flashcards

module 7 hormones Flashcards

1
Q

pituitary

A

also called hypophysis

anterior and posterior lobes

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2
Q

anterior pituitary hormones ( adenohypophysis)

A 
FLATPiG
FH (follicle stimulating) 
LH (leutenizing hormone)
ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)
Prolactin
GH (Growth hormone)
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3
Q

FH and LH

A

responds to GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone)
target ovary and testis
negative feedback: estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, inhibin

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4
Q

ACTH

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone
respondes to CRH ( corticotropin-releasing hormone)
target: adrenal cortex
negative feedback: cortisol

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5
Q

TSH

A

thyroid stimulating hormone
responses to TRH (thyroid releasing hormone)
target: thyroid
negative feedback: triodothyronine: T3

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6
Q

Prolactin

A 
responds to 
-prolactin-releasing factor (stimulatory)
-dopamine (inhibitory) 
no target organ 
no negative feedback
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7
Q

GH

A 
growth hormone 
responds to 
- GHRH: growth hormone releasing hormone (stimulatory)
- somatostatin (inhibitory) 
target: liver, but also direct actions 
negative feedback: IGF-1
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8
Q

posterior pituitary hormones (neurohypophysis)

A

ADH

oxytocin

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9
Q

hormones are released

A

in response to an alteration

to maintain regulated level

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10
Q

feedback systems

A

positive: self-amplifying
negative: inhibitory

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11
Q

neurocrine

A

neuronal travel to target cell

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12
Q

endocrine

A

through blood to target cell

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13
Q

paracrine

A

through interstitial fluid to work on cells in local area

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14
Q

autocrine

A

works on self

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15
Q

steroid hormone derived from

A

cholesterol

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16
Q

lipid soluble hormones

A

Steroid hormones

    • androgens, estrogens, glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids, thyroid hormones
  • diffuse across plasma membrane
  • activate: RNA polymerase, DNA trascription and translation
  • require transport proteins
17
Q

water soluble hormones

A 
first messenger
signal transduction
second messenger
- G-Protein-coupled receptors
--Ca
-- cAMP
-- cGMP
18
Q

protein kinase receptors

A

either become activated kinases themselves or are associated with cytoplasmic kinases

19
Q

amplification

A

process of intracelluar activation by secondary messenger occurs via cascade effect
- progressively larger number of chemical reactions at each step

20
Q

Thyroid hormone: T3, T4

A

cross membrane with protein carrier

21
Q

steroid hormones

A

diffuse across membrane

22
Q

Most endocrine hormones are

A

polypeptides manufactured on rough ER and stored in vesicles
thryoid and steroid:
- production closely precedes hormone release
-TH trapped in thyroid, bound to thryoglobulin: water soluble protein, must be cleaved for secretion to occure

23
Q

feedback control

A

most common: negative feedback

  • some aspect of secreted hormone is sensed and regulated further secretion
  • maintains hormone within normal range or set point
24
Q

negative feedback regulation

A

possible at 3 levels

  • target organ (ultrashort feedback)
  • anterior pituitary (short feedback)
  • hypothalamus ( long feedback)
25
Q

positive feedback

A

self-amplifying
labor
baby pushed on cervix -> stretching of cervix -> release of oxytocin -> uterine contractions -> baby pushing on cervix

26
Q

metabolism and secretion of hormones

A

degraded and excreted by liver and kidneys
- water-soluble in urine
- lipid-soluble bound to plasma proteins and stored in adipose tissue, less readily metabolized
some hormones degraded by target cell after binding

27
Q

regulation of receptor responses

A

specificity

affinity

28
Q

specificity

A

molecular “fit” of a hormone within receptor binding pocket

29
Q

affinity

A

degree of “tightness” of hormone receptor bond, or inclination of hormone to remain bound.

  • receptors attraction to hormone
  • increased affinity = decreased amount of hormone needed to produce effect
30
Q

up-regulation

A

increased number of receptors on target cell

31
Q

permissive effects of hormones

A

one hormone needed for another to have effect

- cortisol enhances action of glucagon

32
Q

down-regulation

A

decreased number on receptors on target cell

33
Q

hormone antagonist

A

binds to receptor without causing effect, blocking agent

34
Q

hormone agonist

A

binds to hormone receptor and causes same intracelluar response

Pathophysiology (80 decks)

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