module 7 hormones Flashcards

1
Q

pituitary

A

also called hypophysis

anterior and posterior lobes

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2
Q

anterior pituitary hormones ( adenohypophysis)

A
FLATPiG
FH (follicle stimulating) 
LH (leutenizing hormone)
ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)
Prolactin
GH (Growth hormone)
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3
Q

FH and LH

A

responds to GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone)
target ovary and testis
negative feedback: estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, inhibin

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4
Q

ACTH

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone
respondes to CRH ( corticotropin-releasing hormone)
target: adrenal cortex
negative feedback: cortisol

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5
Q

TSH

A

thyroid stimulating hormone
responses to TRH (thyroid releasing hormone)
target: thyroid
negative feedback: triodothyronine: T3

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6
Q

Prolactin

A
responds to 
-prolactin-releasing factor (stimulatory)
-dopamine (inhibitory) 
no target organ 
no negative feedback
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7
Q

GH

A
growth hormone 
responds to 
- GHRH: growth hormone releasing hormone (stimulatory)
- somatostatin (inhibitory) 
target: liver, but also direct actions 
negative feedback: IGF-1
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8
Q

posterior pituitary hormones (neurohypophysis)

A

ADH

oxytocin

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9
Q

hormones are released

A

in response to an alteration

to maintain regulated level

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10
Q

feedback systems

A

positive: self-amplifying
negative: inhibitory

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11
Q

neurocrine

A

neuronal travel to target cell

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12
Q

endocrine

A

through blood to target cell

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13
Q

paracrine

A

through interstitial fluid to work on cells in local area

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14
Q

autocrine

A

works on self

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15
Q

steroid hormone derived from

A

cholesterol

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16
Q

lipid soluble hormones

A

Steroid hormones

    • androgens, estrogens, glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids, thyroid hormones
  • diffuse across plasma membrane
  • activate: RNA polymerase, DNA trascription and translation
  • require transport proteins
17
Q

water soluble hormones

A
first messenger
signal transduction
second messenger
- G-Protein-coupled receptors
--Ca
-- cAMP
-- cGMP
18
Q

protein kinase receptors

A

either become activated kinases themselves or are associated with cytoplasmic kinases

19
Q

amplification

A

process of intracelluar activation by secondary messenger occurs via cascade effect
- progressively larger number of chemical reactions at each step

20
Q

Thyroid hormone: T3, T4

A

cross membrane with protein carrier

21
Q

steroid hormones

A

diffuse across membrane

22
Q

Most endocrine hormones are

A

polypeptides manufactured on rough ER and stored in vesicles
thryoid and steroid:
- production closely precedes hormone release
-TH trapped in thyroid, bound to thryoglobulin: water soluble protein, must be cleaved for secretion to occure

23
Q

feedback control

A

most common: negative feedback

  • some aspect of secreted hormone is sensed and regulated further secretion
  • maintains hormone within normal range or set point
24
Q

negative feedback regulation

A

possible at 3 levels

  • target organ (ultrashort feedback)
  • anterior pituitary (short feedback)
  • hypothalamus ( long feedback)
25
positive feedback
self-amplifying labor baby pushed on cervix -> stretching of cervix -> release of oxytocin -> uterine contractions -> baby pushing on cervix
26
metabolism and secretion of hormones
degraded and excreted by liver and kidneys - water-soluble in urine - lipid-soluble bound to plasma proteins and stored in adipose tissue, less readily metabolized some hormones degraded by target cell after binding
27
regulation of receptor responses
specificity | affinity
28
specificity
molecular "fit" of a hormone within receptor binding pocket
29
affinity
degree of "tightness" of hormone receptor bond, or inclination of hormone to remain bound. - receptors attraction to hormone - increased affinity = decreased amount of hormone needed to produce effect
30
up-regulation
increased number of receptors on target cell
31
permissive effects of hormones
one hormone needed for another to have effect | - cortisol enhances action of glucagon
32
down-regulation
decreased number on receptors on target cell
33
hormone antagonist
binds to receptor without causing effect, blocking agent
34
hormone agonist
binds to hormone receptor and causes same intracelluar response