breast

Question 1

mammory duct ectasia ( periductal mastitis)

Answer 1

chronic inflammatory process around terminal subareolar ducts of the breast
-overtime ducts become distended and irritated
- inflammation
- zone of granulation tissue around a small cavity filled with thick yellow/brown material
– mass
fibrosis around mass
- dimpling and distortion of breast
- nipple inversion
s/s: discharge
tx: surgical excision

Question 2

breast abscess common disorders

Answer 2

common with disorders predisposing to infections

• DM
• steroid therapy
• skin lesions

Question 3

s/s breast abscess

Answer 3

tenderness
redness
induration under periareolar skin

Question 4

breast abscess tx

Answer 4

excision

antibiotics do not work

Question 5

proliferative breast lesions without atypia

Answer 5

epithelial hyperplasia
florid hyperplasia
sclerosing adenosis
complex sclerosing lesion
papillomas

Question 6

proliferative breast lesions with atypia

Answer 6

atypical hyperplasia
ductal hyperplasia
lobar hyperplasia

Question 7

fibrocystic breast disease

Answer 7

masses fluctuate with menstrual cycle

pain and tenderness possible

Question 8

fibrocystic breast disease tx

Answer 8

oral contraceptive
NSAIDs
heat

Question 9

breast cancer

Answer 9

most common cancer in american women 
reporductive/ hormonal factors 
enviornmental factors and lifestyle 
- radiation, diet, chemicals
physical activity
familial factors and tumor related genes 
-BRCA1

Question 10

breast cancer s/s

Answer 10

self breast exam

- single, painless, hard, poorly moveable lump

Question 11

breast cancer tx

Answer 11

surgery
chemo
radiation
supportive therapy

Question 12

gynecomastia

Answer 12

overdevelopment of male breast tissue
imbalance in androgen < estrogen action on breast
etiology:
- conditions where inc. conversion of testosterone to estradiol
- primary hypogonadism
- cirrhosis or chronic liver disease
- graves disease
- klinefelter syndrome
- idopathic and system disorders, drugs, or neoplasms
- defect in androgen receptors

Question 13

male breast cancer

Answer 13

60 or older
crusting and nipple discharge
etiology: 
- radiation exposure
- having a disease linked to high estrogen 
-- cirrhosis
-- klinefelter syndrome 
- family hx breast cancer or BRCA2 gene