male reproductive system

Question 1

auxiliary genital glands

Answer 1

prostate
seminal vesicles
bulbourethral glands (cowper)

Question 2

Prostate

Answer 2

muscular and glandular component
inferior aspect: apex: lies adjacent to the urogential diaphragm
stroma: contains prostatic epithelial glands
- drain into excretory ducts, open on the floor of urethra
produces fluid that supports sperm
acts as valve for bladder

Question 3

seminal vesicles

Answer 3

paired organs next to prostate under the base of the bladder

secrete fluid important for survival of sperm

Question 4

bulbourethral glands (cowper)

Answer 4

each side of the membranous urethra within the urogential diaphragm
- release a mucoid secretion into urethra

Question 5

scrotum

Answer 5

septum of CT divides sac into 2 compartments

• each contains a male gonad/testis with associated epididymis, lower end of vas deferens, and lower portion of spermatic cord.
• supports testes, regulates temp

Question 6

testes

Answer 6

sperm production
covered in thick fascial layer: tunica albuginea
- invaginates posteriorly to form mediastinum testis
– send fibrous septa into each testis that separate it into different lobulues

Question 7

lobulues of testes

Answer 7

contain 1-4 seminiferous tubules

Question 8

seminiferous tubules

Answer 8

spermatozoa production occurs within epithelial lining
seminiferous cells
- sertoli cells (supporting)
- spermatogenic cells 
converge on mediastinum testis 
connected by straight efferent ducts 
drain into head of epididymis

Question 9

leydig cells

Answer 9

between seminiferous tubules and embedded in CT are interstitial
- produce and secrete testosterone

Question 10

Epididymis

Answer 10

tightly coiled tube that lies along the top of and behind each testis
divided into 3 parts
- head: upper pole of testes
- body: posterior to testes
- tail: attatche dto inferior pole of testes
forms continuous tube that serves as conduit for maturing spermatozoa

Question 11

Vas deferens

Answer 11

As tail of epididymis leaves testicular attachment it increased in diameter and becomes a thick, muscular tube

• follows an extraperitoneal course and passes caudally and laterally along pelvic wall
• terminated in a dilated ampulla that courses underneath the base of prostate.

Question 12

ejaculatory duct

Answer 12

duct of seminal vesicles joins with duct of ampulla to form this

Question 13

3 erectile bodies of penis

Answer 13

corpus cavernosum
- 2 paired on sides
corpus spongiosum
- contains urethra

Question 14

3 segments of penis

Answer 14

root
- proximal ends of cavernosa which attach to pelvis bone and proximal end of spongiosum which connects to undersurface of urogenital diaphragm.
shaft/body
- connects 3 erectile bodies
glans
- forms distal segment of corpus spongiosum

Question 15

tunica albuginea of penis

Answer 15

encloses each corpus in fascial sheath

- then surrounded by thick fibrous envelope: fascia of Buck.

Question 16

hypothalmic-pituitary-testicular axis

Answer 16

hypothalamus
- GnRH (+ and -) acts upon pituitary
pituitary
- LH (+) and FSH (+) acts upon testis
Testis
- leydig cells
– testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, estradiol (- feedback to pituitary and hypothalamus)
-sertoli cells
– inhibin (- feedback on pituitary) activin (+ feedback on pituitary)
-germ cells
secretions from leydig cells and sertoli cells work on target organs.

Question 17

acrosomal granule

Answer 17

spermatogenesis

• becomes acrosomal vesicle, cap, then acrosome
• attaches to nucleus of sperm to serve as the head and protector.

Question 18

mitochondria of sperm

Answer 18

pack tightly into middle piece

Question 19

transport of sperm

Answer 19

• released from sertoli/ spermatogenic cells into seminiferous tubules
• deposited into rete tesits
• • collecting chamber for all seminiferous tubules
• travel through efferent ductule into epididymus
• vas deferens
• terminal portion of vas deferens: ampulla
• ejaculation ducts
• ejaculation accelerates passage of spermatozoa through vas deferens and distal end of epididymis.

Question 20

capaciation

Answer 20

multiple changes that activate sperm and enhance ability to participate in fertilization
- 1-10 hour period once introduced into vagina

Question 21

capaciation and utrerus and fallopian tubes

Answer 21

wash away various inhibitory factors that suppressed sperm activity in male genital ducts

• membrane of sperm head inc. permeability to Ca
• • increase powerful whiplike motion of tail
• • help with enzyme release when penetration ovum