Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathophysiology > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

plasma membrane make up

A

lipid bilayer
hydrophobic ends oriented inward
hydrophilic ends oriented outward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

constituents of plasma membrane

A

phospholipids
glycolipids
cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what will freely pass through cell membrane

A

hydrophobic (lipophilic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

secondary transport: symport

A

when the second substance being moved goes in the same direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

secondary transport: antiport

A

when the second substance being moved goes in the opposite direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

G protein coupled receptors

A

interact with other membrane bound proteins that activate second messenger systems. Initiate transduction pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

protein kinase

A

enzyme catalyzing the transfer of phosphate to from ATP to a protein substrate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

uncontrolled entry of calcium into cytosol

A

destructive agent
activates enzymes
important final pathway in many causes of cell death.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

increased capillary hydrostatic pressure

A

venous obstruction
Na and water retention
heart failure
- fluids move into tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

decreased capillary oncotic pressure

A

decrease production of plasma proteins

  • cirrhosis
  • malnutrition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Increased tissue oncotic pressure

A

related to increased capillary permeability
- proteins move into tissues
burns
allergic inflammation reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

lymph obstruction

A

unable to move proteins out of interstitial fluid

  • tumor
  • parasites
  • removal of lymph nodes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

pernicious anemia s/s

A

cognitive dysfunction
paresthesias of feet and hands
wt loss
nerve degeneration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

iron deficiency anemia s/s

A 
pallor
weakness/fatigue
palpitations
irritability
headaches
pica
spoon-shaped nails
blue sclerae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

thalassemia major

A 
bone deformities
bowing  of long bones
icterus
hepatomegaly
spleenomegaly
cardiac failure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Thalessema intermeda

A

deforming b one and joint disease

chronic leg ulcerations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

acute blood loss anemia s/s

A

tachycardia with exercise
postural drop in BP
cold clammy skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

HIT

A

heparin induced thromobcytopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ITP

A

immune/idiopathic thrombocytopenia
increased platelet destruction (autoimmune)
can be seen after an illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

transfusion and platelets

A

platelets degrade in stored blood after 24 hours so when transfused there is no platelets; dilution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

endothelial cells and platelets

A

endothelial cells prevent adhesion by releasing nitric oxide and prostaglandin I2 which increases platelet cGMP and cAMP -> decrease in activation of platelets.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

antibodies at birth

A

maternal IgG: will be gone around 10 months

small amounts of fetal IgA and IgM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

antibodies at 6 months of age

A

fetal IgG, IgA, IgM

declining maternal IgG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

mother and baby with different blood types

A

Fc receptor on placenta only lets IgG antibodies through.
IgG attacks Rh factor
IgM attacks ABO factor

25
Q

chorioamnionitis

A

infection from mother passes to fetus

potential for preterm labor and sick baby

26
Q

bradykinin

A

responsible for pain in the inflammatory process.

27
Q

kinin and platelet systems linked by

A

C1 complement

28
Q

nonspecific immunity

A

first and second line of defense

29
Q

first line of defense immunity

A 
chemical barriers
-GI lining
-Tears
mechanical barriers
- skin
reflexes
- coughing
- sneezing
30
Q

innate immunity

A

born with it
fast and non-specific
myeloid cells and NK-cells

31
Q

adaptive immunity

A

specific: developed cells

B-cells, antibodies, T-cells

32
Q

humoral immunity

A

humors= body fluids
myeloid cells
B-cells, antibodies, helper-T cells

33
Q

Cell-mediated immunity

A

does not involve antibodies
NK-cells
cytotoxic T cells

34
Q

neutrophils and inflammation

A

first to arrive after injury

35
Q

monocytes/macrophages and inflammation

A

phagocytosis

36
Q

eosinophils and inflammation

A

respond to parasitic and allergic

release inflammatory cytokines

37
Q

basophils

A

release histamine

allergic and hypersensitivity

38
Q

immature neutrophils

A

bands

39
Q

MHC1 found on

A

nucleated cells

40
Q

variable region on antibody

A

allows for specificity of an antibody mediated response

41
Q

hallmarks of inflammation

A

swelling
pain
heat
redness

42
Q

What activates the classical cascade

A

Ab-Ag complexes

- Factor X

43
Q

What activates the lectin pathway

A

Binding of lectin

- C1

44
Q

what activates the alternative patheway

A

foreign material

-C3b protein

45
Q

generation of clonal diversity

A

born with specificity in utero

- lymphocytes are differentiated in utero

46
Q

clonal selection

A

allows identification of antigens

47
Q

Fungal infections are controlled by

A

phagocytes and T lymphocytes

48
Q

systemic fugal infections are difficult to treat because

A 
similar to body cells
- Rx attacks host cell as well
thick, rigid cell wall composed of polysaccarides 
- resistant to Tx
Evasion of immune system
49
Q

protein C and S are

A

anti-thrombotic

50
Q

synthesis of coagulation factors occures

A

in the liver

51
Q

All coagulation factors with exception of factor III circulate in blood stream inactively T/F

A

True

52
Q

heparin inactivates

A

thrombin and factor X

53
Q

fibinolysis occurs in response to

A

plasmin

54
Q

CNS symptoms in acute leukemia are due to

A

cerebral bleeding

55
Q

oncogenic activation can result from a mutated gene coding for

A

growth factor
signaling enzymes
transcription factors

56
Q

non disjuntion chromosome mutations

A 
down syndrome (21)
edward syndrom (18)
patau (13)
57
Q

sex chromosome disorders

A

turner (45:x)

klinefelter (XXXXY or XXY)

58
Q

deletion of chromosomes

A

cri du chat (deletion of part of 5)

Pathophysiology (80 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions